Inhalation drug delivery

What are the 3 regions of extrathoracic region?

What are the 3 regions of tracheobronchial region?

What are the 3 regions of the alveolar region?

Airway diameter ________ with increasing generations.

a) increases

b)decreases

c) stays the same

d) fluctuates

The aerodynamic diameter is proportional to the _________ of the particle.

Adsorbed layer of moisture results in dissolution of ______ particle; increasing particle size and the MMAD.

a) lipophilic-inhaled particles

b) hydrophilic- inhaled particles

Adsorbed layer of moisture is negligible and does not affect MMAD of inhaled particle.

a) lipophilic-inhaled particles

b) hydrophilic- inhaled particles

_______ & _______ determine velocity distribution within the lungs.

Particles MMAD > 5 µm are deposited in the

a) URT via sedimentation

b) bronchiolar region via sedimentation

c) deep alveolar regions via brownian diffusion

d) primarily exhaled

e) URT via impaction

Particles MMAD 1-5 microns are deposited in the

a) URT via sedimentation

b) bronchiolar region via sedimentation

c) deep alveolar regions via brownian diffusion

d) primarily exhaled

e) URT via impaction

Particles MMAD < 1 micron are deposited in the

a) URT via sedimentation

b) bronchiolar region via sedimentation

c) deep alveolar regions via brownian diffusion

d) primarily exhaled

e) URT via impaction

Particles MMAD <0.5 microns are deposited in the

a) URT via sedimentation

b) bronchiolar region via sedimentation

c) deep alveolar regions via brownian diffusion

d) primarily exhaled

e) URT via impaction

Hydrophilic compounds are taken up via _________ and lipophilic compounds are taken up via __________.

Bioavailability of _________ is higher than _________.

Inhalation drug products are __________.

The formulation component of MDI is broken up into 2 parts; ______ & _____.

-a meter that, when pressed, discharges the medication; controls the amount of product dispensed in MDI.

-atomizes the formulation

_________ influences the drug particle size distribution.

Target dose =

-electrostatic charges on particles influence aerosolization during inhalation of dry powder

-coarse particles are subjected to high impacts with compressed air/gas, causing them to break into micro-sized particles, which are separated from larger particles by inertial impaction

-Liquid solution is atomized in a mist through a nozzle into the drying chamber - manipulation of mist droplet size and rate, temperature and air flow will influence particle characteristics

What is the goal pressure drop in a DPI?

-circulation chamber that keeps particles in circulation in the device until they have become small enough for passage and delivery to the lung.

-Force liquid medications through multiple apertures in a very fine mesh screen or aperture plate to generate aerosol

-Use compressed air. Jet nebulizers may be large and use utility power.

-use high frequency vibrations

Which produces the smallest particles?

a) mesh

b) jet

c) ultrasonic

Which is large and requires utility power?

a) mesh

b) jet

c) ultrasonic

Which is small and portable?

a) mesh

b) jet

c) ultrasonic

Nebulizers are used to treat _______ conditions.

The pH of nebulizer solutions should be

After each treatment with nebulizer, patient should:

a) rinse thoroughly with warm water & air dry

b) wash with warm water & mild detergent

c) disinfect with vinegar/water or disinfectant solution

At the end of each day, patient should:

a) rinse thoroughly with warm water & air dry

b) wash with warm water & mild detergent

c) disinfect with vinegar/water or disinfectant solution

Every third day, patient should:

a) rinse thoroughly with warm water & air dry

b) wash with warm water & mild detergent

c) disinfect with vinegar/water or disinfectant solution

How much formulation should be released after each actuation?

a) 5 units

b) 15 units

c) 10 units

d) 14 units

Aerodynamic Particle Size Distribution (APSD) =

-the total amount of drug substance deposited on all surfaces