2024-09-04T09:38:15+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>The study of inheritance or the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring.</p>, <p>Basic units of inheritance that encode for certain traits or visible characteristics.</p>, Alleles, Chromosomes, Loci, Genotype, Phenotype, Dominant, Recessive, Codominance, Gregor Johann Mendel, Pea plant, 1. Law of Dominance 2. Law of Independent Segregation 3. Law of Independent Assortment, Law of Dominance, Law of Independent Assortment, Law of Segregation, Codominance, Codominance, Codominance, The Law of Independent Assortment, Parental Type, Reciprocal Type, 2 Authors of the Equilibrium, The Hardy, The Hardy, p + q = 1, p + q = 1, p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1, Pedigree Analysis, Male, Female, Unaffected individual, Affected individual, Mating, Offspring, Stillbirth or abortion, Deceased family members, Propositus or proband, Autosomal, Sex Linked, Autosomal Recessive, Autosomal Recessive, Autosomal, Dominant, Xlinked Dominant, Xlinked Recessive, Eukaryotic Organism, Nucleus, Prokaryotic Organism, Chromosomes, Histones, Chromosomes, Chromatin, DNA, Genes, Mitosis, Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Meiosis flashcards
IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY_Genetics

IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY_Genetics

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  • The study of inheritance or the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring.

    Genetics

  • Basic units of inheritance that encode for certain traits or visible characteristics.

    Genes

  • Alleles
    Different forms of the same gene may exist for each locus of the chromosome.
  • Chromosomes
    Structures in which DNA is tightly packaged within the nucleus.
  • Loci
    specific locations on chromosomes where genes are located
  • Genotype
    the genetic makeup of an organism; an individual's collection of genes. The term also can refer to the two alleles inherited for a particular gene
  • Phenotype
    expression of the genetic makeup that includes observable characteristics or traits.
  • Dominant
    The allele expressed as a phenotype.
  • Recessive
    refers to an allele that is not expressed as a phenotype.
  • Codominance
    occurs when two heterozygous alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype of an organism.
  • Gregor Johann Mendel
    Discovered the basic priniciples of genetics
  • Pea plant
    What plant did Gregor Mendel used in his observation?
  • 1. Law of Dominance 2. Law of Independent Segregation 3. Law of Independent Assortment
    Give the 3 Laws of Inheritance by Gregor Mendel
  • Law of Dominance
    Dominant alleles will be expressed and recessive alleles will be concealed.
  • Law of Independent Assortment
    Separate traits are inherited independently.
  • Law of Segregation
    There are two different alleles for each gene that segregate randomly during meiosis.
  • Codominance
    both alleles are expressed, and their gene products are seen at the phenotypic level.
  • Codominance
    One gene is NOT dominant over the other and both alleles are expressed as phenotypes.
  • Codominance
    Most blood groups are inherited in this manner.
  • The Law of Independent Assortment
    States that genes for different traits are inherited separately from each other.
  • Parental Type
    Offspring that has the same phenotype as one of the parents
  • Reciprocal Type
    Offspring with the dominant feature of one parent and the recessive feature of the other.
  • 2 Authors of the Equilibrium
    Godfrey Harold Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg
  • The Hardy
    Weinberg Principle-Used to predict gene frequency in living populations
  • The Hardy
    Weinberg Principle-The principle states that gene frequency tends to remain constant from generation to generation unless acted on by outside influences.
  • p + q = 1
    Formula of Hardy-Weinberg Priniciple
  • p + q = 1
    This equation is used to determine the allele frequency in a population.
  • p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
    This equation is used to determine the genotype frequency in a population.
  • Pedigree Analysis
    An analysis of the genetic history of a family over several generations.
  • Male
    Pedigree Symbol: Square
  • Female
    Pedigree Symbol: Circle
  • Unaffected individual
    Pedigree Symbol: Open symbol
  • Affected individual
    Pedigree Symbol: Closed, filled-in symbol
  • Mating
    Pedigree Symbol: Line connecting male and female
  • Offspring
    Pedigree Symbol: Verticle line
  • Stillbirth or abortion
    Pedigree Symbol: Small black circle
  • Deceased family members
    Pedigree Symbol: Line crossed through the symbol
  • Propositus or proband
    Pedigree Symbol: Indicated by an arrow
  • Autosomal
    traits that are not carried on the sex chromosomes.
  • Sex Linked
    traits that are encoded by a gene generally located on either of the sex chromosome, the gene is usually found in the X chromosome, as few functional genes are present on the Y chromosome.
  • Autosomal Recessive
    A recessive trait is carried by either parent or both parents but is not generally seen at the phenotypic level unless both parents carry the trait.
  • Autosomal Recessive
    The trait is expressed only when an individual is homozygous for the allele and inherited the recessive allele from both parents.
  • Autosomal
    Gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes.
  • Dominant
    A single copy of the disease-associated mutation is enough to cause the disease.
  • Xlinked Dominant
    Both sexes are capable of carrying the trait
  • Xlinked Recessive
    The father always expresses the trait but never passes it on to his sons
  • Eukaryotic Organism
    Made up of cells that have a defined nucleus
  • Nucleus
    Highly organized structure that contains most of the genetic material
  • Prokaryotic Organism
    Single celled organism without a defined nucleus
  • Chromosomes
    Thread-like structures in which DNA is tightly packaged within the nucleus.
  • Histones
    Proteins that help condense DNA into Chromatin.
  • Chromosomes
    Help ensure that DNA is replicated and distributed appropriately during cell division.
  • Chromatin
    Packaging elements for DNA.
  • DNA
    The molecule that carries genetic instructions in all living things
  • Genes
    Made of DNA and contain the instructions for building proteins and are integral in making and maintaining the human body.
  • Mitosis
    The process by which somatic cells divide to create identical daughter cells.
  • Interphase
    Resting stage when the cells are not actively dividing.
  • Prophase
    The chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes and the nuclear envelope starts to break down.
  • Metaphase
    The chromosomes are lined up along the middle of the nucleus and paired with the corresponding chromosome
  • Anaphase
    The cellular spindle apparatus is formed, and the chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell. The cell becomes pinched in the middle, and cell division starts to take place
  • Telophase
    The cell is pulled apart, division is complete, and the chromosomes and cytoplasm are separated into two new identical daughter cells.
  • Meiosis
    The process by which gametes or sex cells are produced.