2023-10-28T22:13:26+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>ambulatory patients </p>, <p>releases PTH-stimulates calcium release from the bone, increases renal tubular reabsorption, enhances GI absorption</p>, <p>Vitamin D3; cholecalciferol </p>, <p>primary hyperparathyroidism; cancer (breast, lung)</p>, <p>tuberculosis</p>, <p>lithium, vitamin A, thiazides </p>, <p>calcium supplements, hyperparathyroidism, iatrogenic/immobilization, multiple-myeloma/milk-alkali, parathyroid hyperplasia, adenoma, neoplasm, zollinger syndrome, excessive vitamin d, excessive vitamin A, sarcoidosis</p>, <p>bone pain, renal stones, abdominal pain/GI, depression/worsening mood, pancreatitis </p>, <p>8.5-10.2</p>, <p>nephrocalcinosis </p>, <p>nephrolithiasis </p>, <p>reverse signs/symptoms, restore calcium levels, correct underlying cause</p>, <p>necrotizing pancreatitis </p>, <p>treat underlying cause; remove offending agent</p>, <p>bisphosphonates; denosumab</p>, <p>volume expansion with NS</p>, <p>calcitonin, bisphosphonates, denosumab, corticosteroids, cinacalcet</p>, <p>d</p>, <p>e</p>, <p>d</p>, <p>sodium citrate, thiazides, lithotripsy</p>, <p>b</p>, <p>d</p>, <p>parathyroid carcinoma, hyperparathyroidism + can't have surgery or CKD</p>, <p>fluids (dilute serum) + loops (eliminate); followed with: bisphosphonates, calcitonin, denosumab, calcimimetics</p> flashcards
Hypercalcemia

Hypercalcemia

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  • ambulatory patients

    What kind of patients are most likely to develop hypercalcemia?

  • releases PTH-stimulates calcium release from the bone, increases renal tubular reabsorption, enhances GI absorption

    How does the Parathyroid gland influence calcium? (3)

  • Vitamin D3; cholecalciferol

    What does the kidney produce?

  • primary hyperparathyroidism; cancer (breast, lung)

    What are the most common causes of hypercalcemia? (2)

  • tuberculosis

    What infection can cause hypercalcemia?

  • lithium, vitamin A, thiazides

    Which medications can cause hypercalcemia?

  • calcium supplements, hyperparathyroidism, iatrogenic/immobilization, multiple-myeloma/milk-alkali, parathyroid hyperplasia, adenoma, neoplasm, zollinger syndrome, excessive vitamin d, excessive vitamin A, sarcoidosis

    What are the causes of hypercalcemia? (11)

  • bone pain, renal stones, abdominal pain/GI, depression/worsening mood, pancreatitis

    What are the symptoms of Hypercalcemia? (5)

  • 8.5-10.2

    What are the normal serum Calcium levels?

  • nephrocalcinosis

    -calcium deposits in the kidneys

  • nephrolithiasis

    -kidney stones

  • reverse signs/symptoms, restore calcium levels, correct underlying cause

    What are the desired outcomes for patients with Hypercalcemia? (3)

  • necrotizing pancreatitis

    Which condition would require emergency treatment of hypercalcemia?

  • treat underlying cause; remove offending agent

    What is the general approach to treating hypercalcemia? (2)

  • bisphosphonates; denosumab

    Which medications are associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw? (2)

  • volume expansion with NS

    What is the first-line treatment for hypercalcemia in patients with normal kidney function?

  • calcitonin, bisphosphonates, denosumab, corticosteroids, cinacalcet

    What medications can be used in patients who are asymptomatic? (5)

  • d

    Which is only suitable for short-term therapy?

    a) denosumab

    b) cinacalcet

    c) corticosteroids

    d) calcitonin

    e) bisphosphonates

  • e

    Which is the most cost-effective option with good outcomes?

    a) denosumab

    b) cinacalcet

    c) corticosteroids

    d) calcitonin

    e) bisphosphonates

  • d

    Which has the fastest onset?

    a) denosumab

    b) cinacalcet

    c) corticosteroids

    d) calcitonin

    e) bisphosphonates

  • sodium citrate, thiazides, lithotripsy

    What are the treatment options for Nephrolithiasis? (2)

  • b

    Which is given to prevent kidney stone formation?

    a) cinacalcet

    b) sodium citrate

    c) lithotripsy

    d) thiazides

  • d

    Which is given to decrease urinary calcium excretion?

    a) cinacalcet

    b) sodium citrate

    c) lithotripsy

    d) thiazides

  • parathyroid carcinoma, hyperparathyroidism + can't have surgery or CKD

    What is Cinacalcet indicated for? (2)

  • fluids (dilute serum) + loops (eliminate); followed with: bisphosphonates, calcitonin, denosumab, calcimimetics

    How do we treat hypercalcemia?