Max Lee
History - Medicine
buss down Rollie avalanche if ur reading this go sym u black bastard go sym sym sym sym and ur dad as well
-
Clinical oberservation and how they diagnosed illness
Carefully watching observation and then giving a diagnosis through the patient's pulse and their urine
-
Bloodletting
cutting open a vein to let blood out or using leeches to suck it out
-
Why did church back Galen
Galen believed in one god
-
Why did patients go ill in medieval times? (what did medieval doctors think happened)
Unbalanced 4 humours
-
Care not cure
Christians believed lines were sent from god who made people sick to test faith
-
Why was Roger Bacon arrested in 13th century
For suggesting doctors should do research and not trust old books
-
What did Prophet mohammed say in regards to diseases
"For every disease allah has given a cure"
-
What did Al Razi do
Wrote 150 books that built on the work of Galen
-
What did Ibn Sina (Avicenna) do
Wrote an encyclopaedia of medicine called 'Canon of Medicine' that became the standard European textbook used to train doctors until 1600s
-
2 reasons why surgery was dangerous in medieval times
1) surgeons didnt know dirt carried disease
2) used anaesthetics such as mandrake root or opium but too much can kill
-
Trepanning
Drilling a hole in the head to release demons - thought to cure headaches
-
What happened in the streets where it rained
Open drains overflow and spread human waste across town
-
Rivers and streams were used to ???
Dump waste
-
Worcester 1466 law to do with public health
Stopped butchers throwing animal blood and body parts into rivers
-
Why did monasteries have pure clean water
Built near rivers
-
Where did people in monasteries wash
Lavatorium
-
Black Death killed how many people in Britain and what fraction of population
1.5million and over 1/3
-
Beliefs about the cause of black death
Miasma, position of planets and stars, punishment from god
-
What really caused Black Death
disposal of bodies, dirty streets, crowded towns
-
What did Vesalius do and give me a fact
Overturned centuries of Galens study of anatomy
Found breastbone has 3 parts not 7 disproving Galen
-
What did Pare do and give me a fact
Pare discovered an alternative cream for cauterising in war
Developed prosthetic limbs for amputees
-
What did Harvey do
Built on Galens work on the heart and discovered the heart works as a pump
-
Dissolution of the monasteries
Henry VIII closed down monasteries in the 1530s
-
Hospital boom from the year ? to ? AND ? new hospital built
1720 - 1750 AND 5
-
What did hunter do and a fact
Had books about dissections which were widely read by surgoens
Hunter trained hundreds of surgeons including Edward Jenner
-
How did Jenner discover vaccination and then tested on _______
Milkmaids who caught cowpox didnt get smallpox then tested on 16 different patients and none got smallpox
-
Why did Jenner findings not be accepted
Couldnt explain how it worked
-
Why did Jenner findings finally get accepted AND what years did it get made compulsory by government
Given 10k and many supporters are members of royal family vaccinated AND 1583
-
James Simpson discovered chloroform by accident in what year
1847
-
who used chloroform which led to it becoming fashionable
Queen Victoria
-
Opposition to anaesthetics as who died
A little girl named Hannah Greener
-
Germ theory
Germs were the cause of disease
-
Louis (no Mansell) experiment
Boiled bacteria in a closed flask, waited and no growth occurred. Then he boiled bacteria in a closed flask, broke the neck and waited - then there was microbial growth
-
James Greenless story
James had bones sticking out of his leg, Lister wrapped him in bandages that were soaked in carbolic acid and James was healing well.
-
Long term impact of Lister methods
Infection massively dropped and laid foundations for aseptic surgery and other significant developments to surgery
-
Robert Koch found what bacteria
Anthrax (First) then cholera and tuberculosis
-
Why did Koch use dyes
He used dyes to stain specific microbe to see them under a microscope
-
Franco-Prussian war led to what
Both nations increased fundings for Pasteur and Koch to help save soldiers lives
-
1800S average man lifespan
30y old. this shows poor public health
-
1800S average man in Liverpool lifespan
15y old
-
In the year ?, Cholera arrived killing x amount of people
1831 and 50k
-
Chadwick report found ?
Found conditions were awful and health were very poor
-
the year 1866 what law was passed
Sanitary act. Made local councils responsible for cleaning their towns and each town had to have a health inspector
-
Artistans Dwelling act, what year what it said
1875, house owners responsible for keeping property in good conditions and councils could demolish poor condition slums.
-
How did Alexander accidentally find his antibiotic
He left several Petri dishes out which when he came home he noticed germs next to the mould were killed
-
The two scientists who helped mass produce penicillin
Florey and Chain
-
WWII was a vital factor for producing of penicillin how
Florey convinced US government for funding of the production of penicillin with led to millions of gallons of penicillin being created
-
Hypnotherapy
Patients are hypnotised to relieved of stress or addictions like smoking
-
Acupuncture
Needles placed at points throughout the body
-
Boer war unfit soldiers
40% of volunteers were unfit to be soldiers
-
2 liberal reforms
1906 school meals act - provided school meals for free for poor
1911 national insurance act - benefits paid to unemployed people
-
What report led to reforms like NHS
1942 Beveridge report
-
Beveridge report had "5" what?
5 giants
