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LiroxtronIV (LiroxtronIV)

H2 Chemistry - Organic Reactions

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reduction
H₂(g), Ni catalyst, heat
free radical substitution
limited X₂(g), UV light
elimination
r&c: concentrated H₂SO₄, heat OR
Al₂O₃(s), high temp
elimination
r&c: KOH/NaOH, ethanol, heat
electrophilic addition
r&c: dry HX(g), rtp
electrophilic addition
r&c: X₂ in inert organic solvent(CCl₄)
electrophilic addition
r&c: X₂(aq)
electrophilic addition
r&c: H₂O(g), H₃PO₄ catalyst, high temp & pressure
mild oxidation
r&c: KMnO₄(aq), NaOH(aq), cold
strong oxidation
r&c: KMnO₄(aq)/K₂Cr₂O₇(aq), H₂SO₄(aq), heat
strong oxidation
r&c: KMnO₄(aq)/K₂Cr₂O₇(aq), NaOH(aq), heat
electrophilic substitution
r&c: X₂, anhydrous AlX₃/FeX₃, heat
electrophilic substitution
r&c: concentrated HNO₃, concentrated H₂SO₄, 50^oC
electrophilic substitution
r&c: concentrated HNO₃, concentrated H₂SO₄, <30^oC I think
electrophilic substitution(FCA)
r&c: RX, anhydrous AlX₃, heat
free radical substitution
r&c: limited X₂(g), UV light
oxidation
r&c: KMnO₄(aq), H₂SO₄(aq), heat
oxidation
r&c: KMnO₄(aq), NaOH(aq), heat
electrophilic substitution
r&c: concentrated HNO₃, concentrated H₂SO₄, >50^oC
electrophilic substitution(FCA)
r&c: RCOCl, anhydrous AlCl₃, heat
add few drops of KMnO₄(aq), H₂SO₄(aq) & heat each sample separately >
purple KMnO₄ turns colourless, white ppt of benzoic acid forms
purple KMnO₄ turns green, then brown ppt(Mn²⁺) & white ppt of benzoic acid forms
add few drops of KMnO₄(aq), H₂SO₄(aq) & heat both samples separately, pass any gas evolved through limewater >
both decolourise purple KMnO₄ and form white ppt of benzoic acid
only ethylbenzene, CO₂ gas evolved forms white ppt w/ limewater
nucleophilic substitution
r&c: PCl₅(s), rtp
nucleophilic substitution
r&c: PX₃(l), heat
nucleophilic substitution
r&c: SOCl₂(l), heat
nucleophilic substitution
r&c: dry HX(g), heat
nucleophilic substitution
r&c: concentrated H₂SO₄, KX(s)/NaX(s), heat
nucleophilic substitution
r&c: NaOH(aq), heat
nucleophilic substitution
r&c: NaCN/KCN, ethanol, heat
nucleophilic substitution
r&c: excess NH₃, ethanol, heat in sealed tube
1. NaOH(aq), heat
2. cool mixture, prevent decomposition of AgNO₃
3. acidify w/ excess HNO₃, neutralise excess NaOH
4. add AgNO₃(aq), ppt forms; colour depends on X
reduction
r&c: LiAlH₄, dry ether
NaBH₄, methanol
H₂(g), Ni catalyst, heat
reduction
r&c: LiAlH₄, dry ether
NaBH₄, methanol
H₂(g), Ni catalyst, heat
reduction
r&c: LiAlH₄, dry ether
oxidation
r&c: K₂CrO₇(aq), H₂SO₄(aq), heat with immediate distillation
oxidation
r&c: KMnO₄/K₂CrO₇(aq), H₂SO₄(aq), heat under reflux
oxidation
r&c: KMnO₄/K₂CrO₇(aq), H₂SO₄(aq), heat
positive triiodomethane/iodoform test
r&c: NaOH(aq), I₂(aq), heat
pale yellow ppt chi3
redox reaction
effervescence, lighted splint extinguishes w/ pop sound
identify 1ô,2ô,3ô ROH

add PCl₅(s) to sample in dry test tube >
white fumes of HCl(g)
add neutral FeCl₃(aq) >
violet colouration observed
add Br₂(aq) >
orange Br₂ decolourises initially, white ppt of 2,4,6-tribromophenol forms on excess Br₂(aq)
condensation/nucleophilic acyl substitution
r&c: phenol in NaOH(aq), RCOCl, rtp
condensation/nucleophilic acyl substitution
r&c: RCOOH, concentrated H₂SO₄, heat
nucleophilic addition
r&c: HCN, trace amounts of NaCN/trace amounts of NaOH, cold
condensation
r&c: 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
orange ppt
oxidation
r&c: Tollen's reagent([Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺(aq), heat
silver mirror
oxidation
r&c: Fehling's solution(alkaline Cu²⁺ complex), heat
red brown ppt of Cu₂O
positive triiodomethane/iodoform test
r&c: NaOH(aq), I₂(aq), heat
pale yellow ppt chi3
acid hydrolysis
r&c: H₂SO₄(aq), heat
alkaline hydrolysis
r&c: NaOH(aq), heat then
HCl/H₂SO₄(aq) to get RCOOH
redox
r&c: Na/K/Mg
effervescence, H₂(g) evolved extinguishes lighted splint w/ pop sound
acid-base reaction
r&c: NaOH/KOH/NH₃(aq)
acid-base reaction
r&c: Na₂CO₃(aq)/NaHCO₃(aq)
effervescence, CO₂(g) evolved forms white ppt when passed through limewater
nucleophilic acyl substitution
r&c: PCl₅, rtp
nucleophilic acyl substitution
r&c: PCl₃, heat
nucleophilic acyl substitution
r&c: SOCl₂, heat
oxidation
r&c: KMnO₄(aq), H₂SO₄(aq), heat under reflux
purple KMnO₄(aq) decolourises, effervescence of CO₂, forms white ppt w/ limewater
elimination
r&c: concentrated H₂SO₄, heat
elimination
r&c: concentrated H₂SO₄, heat
hydrolysis/nucleophilic acyl substitution
r&c: water, rtp
condensation/nucleophilic acyl substitution
r&c: aliphatic ROH, rtp
condensation/nucleophilic acyl substitution
r&c: NH₃, rtp
condensation/nucleophilic acyl substitution
r&c: RNH₂, rtp
condensation/nucleophilic acyl substitution
r&c: RNHR', rtp
add AgNO₃(aq) to test tube containing RCOCl >
white ppt of AgCl formed immediately
acid hydrolysis
r&c: H₂SO₄(aq), heat
alkaline hydrolysis
r&c: NaOH/KOH(aq), heat
reduction
r&c: LiAlH₄, dry ether
reduction
r&c: LiAlH₄, dry ether
H₂(g), Ni catalyst, heat
reduction
r&c: Sn, concentrated HCl, heat then
NaOH(aq)
acid-base reaction
H₂SO₄/HCl(aq), rtp
electrophilic substitution
r&c: Br₂(aq), rtp
acid hydrolysis
r&c: H₂SO₄/HCl(aq), heat under reflux
alkaline hydrolysis
r&c: NaOH(aq), heat under reflux then
H₂SO₄/HCl(aq), rtp
alkaline hydrolysis
r&c: NaOH(aq), heat under reflux
reduction
r&c: LiAlH₄, dry ether
hydrolysis proteins

acid hydrolysis
r&c: H₂SO₄(aq), heat under reflux for a long time