2022-10-14T21:04:27+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>recognize substrate; catalyze a reaction with it</p>, <p>lower transition state energy; raise ground state energy</p>, <p>initiated; ES complexes </p>, <p>complementary; transition state; ground state</p>, <p>specificity; rate acceleration</p>, <p>cofactor (coenzyme)</p>, <p>amino acid side chains</p>, <p>transition state</p>, <p>Chiral</p>, <p>L-amino acids</p>, <p>No; steric hindrance</p>, <p>Yes</p>, <p>Turnover number (kcat)</p>, <p>slowest step</p>, <p>cystine, serine, histidine, lysine, glutamine, aspartic acid</p>, <p>asp, histidine, serine</p>, <p>racemization </p>, <p>decarboxylation </p>, <p>transamination </p>, <p>a-cleavage</p>, <p>b-elimination </p>, <p>b-replacement</p>, <p>like a hydride; reduces imide bonds</p>, <p>oxidation and oxygenation</p>, <p>oxidation; unsaturated </p>, <p>oxygenation </p>, <p>hydroxylation &amp; epoxidation</p>, <p>c</p>, <p>thiolester </p>, <p>true</p>, <p>protease degradation, poor bioavailability, and allergic responses</p> flashcards
Enzymes as Catalysts and Mechanisms

Enzymes as Catalysts and Mechanisms

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  • recognize substrate; catalyze a reaction with it

    What are the two characteristics of enzymes?

  • lower transition state energy; raise ground state energy

    How do enzymes work?********

  • initiated; ES complexes

    All enzyme-catalyzed reactions are _______ by _________.

  • complementary; transition state; ground state

    Enzyme is a flexible template designed to be _____ to structure of substrate at the ________ of reaction, not the _________.

  • specificity; rate acceleration

    What are two key factors of enzyme catalysis?

  • cofactor (coenzyme)

    - additional molecules that aid enzymes in catalyzing reactions; consists of organic molecules and metal ions

  • amino acid side chains

    Active site contains _______ used in catalysis.

  • transition state

    Where does maximum binding occur for enzymes?

  • Chiral

    What type of catalysts are amino acids?

  • L-amino acids

    What is the specific orientation that applies to all amino acids?

  • No; steric hindrance

    Will this enantiomer form a complex with the substrate? If not why?

    Will this enantiomer form a complex with the substrate? If not why?

  • Yes

    Will this enantiomer form a complex with the substrate? If not why?

    Will this enantiomer form a complex with the substrate? If not why?

  • Turnover number (kcat)

    -number of molecules of substrate converted to product per unit time per enzyme active site.

  • slowest step

    Rate determining step = ?

  • cystine, serine, histidine, lysine, glutamine, aspartic acid

    What are your common site nucleophiles?

  • asp, histidine, serine

    What amino acids are a part of the catalytic triad?

  • racemization

    What reaction is this?

    What reaction is this?

  • decarboxylation

    What reaction is this?

    What reaction is this?

  • transamination

    what reaction is this?

    what reaction is this?

  • a-cleavage

    what reaction is this?

    what reaction is this?

  • b-elimination

    what reaction is this?

    what reaction is this?

  • b-replacement

    what reaction is this?

    what reaction is this?

  • like a hydride; reduces imide bonds

    How does NAD(P)H react?

  • oxidation and oxygenation

    Flavin coenzyme catalyzes what type of reactions?

  • oxidation; unsaturated

    what kind of reaction is this? And is it saturated or unsaturated?

    what kind of reaction is this? And is it saturated or unsaturated?

  • oxygenation

    what kind of reaction is this?

    what kind of reaction is this?

  • hydroxylation & epoxidation

    What kind of reactions is Heme involved with?

  • c

    Which cofactor forms a radical?

    a. flavin

    b. NADH

    c. Heme

    d. PLP

  • thiolester

    Coenzyme A forms _____

  • true

    Thioesters are much more reactive toward acylation of nucleophilic substrates than carboxylic acids and oxygen esters. T/F?

  • protease degradation, poor bioavailability, and allergic responses

    What are some drawbacks associated with enzyme therapy?