2019-04-18T12:49:10+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true minuet, burg, Bourgeoisie, Bourgeois, isaac newton, plague, gravity, Copernicus, Galileo, Principia Mathematica, René Descartes, Philosophy, Descartes's book, I think, therefore I am., Queen Christina of Sweden, Stuarts, leviathan, Thomas Hobbes, state of nature, pessimist, absolute monarchy, Behemoth, King Charles II, Authoritarian, John Locke, Oxford University, Essay Concerning Human Understanding, tabula rasa, Glorious Revolution, radical, Bastille, Charles de Secondat, Clergy, The Persian Letters, The Spirit of Laws, Separation of Powers, voltaire, pseudonym, limited monarchy, philosophes, censorship, encyclopedia, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Poor Richard's Almanack, diplomat, James Madison, Merci, executive, legislative and judicial branches, enlightenment, Social Contract, Constitutional Monarchy, Centralized Government, baron de montesquieu, jean jacques rousseau, Cesare Beccaria, Direct Democracy, mary wollstonecraft, Adam Smith flashcards
Enlightenment

Enlightenment

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  • minuet
    a slow, graceful dance that involves much bowing and toe-pointing
  • burg
    town
  • Bourgeoisie
    Middle Class, merchants, doctors, lawyers, teachers
  • Bourgeois
    Of or characteristic of the middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes
  • isaac newton
    brought bacon and descartes views together into a single theory of motion
  • plague
    a disease that is deadly and spreads rapidly
  • gravity
    the force that pulls objects in the earth's atmosphere toward the earth
  • Copernicus
    Developed the first modern theory of a sun-centered universe
  • Galileo
    Florentine scientist that designed telescope, placed under house arrest by pope for revolutionary astronomical theories
  • Principia Mathematica
    In 1687, Sir Isaac Newton wrote this. It was filled with contributions to many areas of science, and included the three well-known laws of motion. NOT the one by Whitehead and Russel/.
  • René Descartes
    The father of modern philosophy
  • Philosophy
    The study of human thought about the meaning of life and the natural world
  • Descartes's book
    Discourse of Method
  • I think, therefore I am.
    Descartes's conclusion in which he believed simply having thoughts means you exist
  • Queen Christina of Sweden
    A student of Descartes
  • Stuarts
    believed in the divine right of kings
  • leviathan
    expressed the views that all men were naturally selfish and wicked
  • Thomas Hobbes
    Hobbes wrote that without government, life would be poor, nasty, brutish, and short. Presented the idea of the social contract. Leviathan
  • state of nature
    A condition in which there is no government.
  • pessimist
    someone who believes the worst will happen
  • absolute monarchy
    monarchy in which the king or queen has unlimited power
  • Behemoth
    published three years after Hobbes's death
  • King Charles II
    formerly Prince Charles; former pupil of Thomas Hobbes
  • Authoritarian
    Favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority
  • John Locke
    Wrote Two Treatises on Government as justification of Glorious Revolution and end of absolutism in England. He argued that man is born good and has rights to life, liberty, and property. To protect these rig…
  • Oxford University
    college attended by John Locke
  • Essay Concerning Human Understanding
    Locke's book; states that we are blank slates at birth, acquiring knowledge through experience
  • tabula rasa
    John Locke's concept of the mind as a blank sheet ultimately bombarded by sense impressions that, aided by human reasoning, formulate ideas.
  • Glorious Revolution
    The bloodless accession of William and Mary to the throne of England after James II fled to England
  • radical
    What type of reforms are these an example of? spiritualism, communitarianism, sylvester graham and grahams, women's rights
  • Bastille
    symbolic start to revolution on July 14th 1789, stormed Bastille for weapons
  • Charles de Secondat
    (Baron de Montesquiei) believed that France was in troubleand most people suffered poverty and injustice
  • Clergy
    Roman Catholic Church, 1% of population
  • The Persian Letters
    A collection of letters from Usbek and Rica (Baron de Montesquieu) that criticized the French ruling class
  • The Spirit of Laws
    Book which praised the British for limiting the power of the monarch and protecting rights of the people (Montesquiei)
  • Separation of Powers
    The sharing of the government's power; the power is divided equally between the three separate branches of the government.
  • voltaire
    used satire against opponents, (1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church.
  • pseudonym
    a "pen name," that is, a name used by an author in place of his or her real name
  • limited monarchy
    government in which a ruler shares his or her power with another governing body such as Parliament
  • philosophes
    social critics in france
  • censorship
    the act of removing or holding back anything thought not right for people to see or hear
  • encyclopedia
    books to help scholars learn
  • Thomas Jefferson
    drafted the Constitution; shared Locke's ideas
  • Benjamin Franklin
    American philosophe
  • Poor Richard's Almanack
    the series of publications aimed at helping people improve themselves; a cross between an encyclopedia and a journal
  • diplomat
    A person who works for a govenment and goes to other countries to talk about politics and business.
  • James Madison
    father of the Constitution;4th President of the United States; member of the Continental Congress and rapporteur at the Constitutional Convention in 1776; helped frame the Bill of Rights (1751-1836)
  • Merci
    thanks in French
  • executive, legislative and judicial branches
    branches of government in the U.S. that hold each other accountable and maintain balance
  • enlightenment
    a new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems
  • Social Contract
    An implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection. Theories of a social contract became popular in the 16th, 1…
  • Constitutional Monarchy
    government established under William and Mary after they signed the English Bill of Rights (their power was limited)
  • Centralized Government
    A government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject
  • baron de montesquieu
    French aristocrat who wanted to limit royal absolutism; Wrote The Spirit of Laws, urging that power be separated between executive, legislative, and judicial branches, each balancing out the others, thus preventing despotism and preserving free…
  • jean jacques rousseau
    believed in the social contract, A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy
  • Cesare Beccaria
    Fair and equal treatment of prisoners/punishments should fit crimes. Wrote " On Crimes and Punishments".
  • Direct Democracy
    A type of government where people rule directly than through representatives though they agree to give up some of their freedom in favor of the common good.
  • mary wollstonecraft
    argued women need education to become virtuous and useful
  • Adam Smith
    Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade (1723-1790), wrote "wealth of Nations"