Flashcards: Enlightenment

a slow, graceful dance that involves much bowing and toe-pointing

town

Middle Class, merchants, doctors, lawyers, teachers

Of or characteristic of the middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes

brought bacon and descartes views together into a single theory of motion

a disease that is deadly and spreads rapidly

the force that pulls objects in the earth's atmosphere toward the earth

Developed the first modern theory of a sun-centered universe

Florentine scientist that designed telescope, placed under house arrest by pope for revolutionary astronomical theories

In 1687, Sir Isaac Newton wrote this. It was filled with contributions to many areas of science, and included the three well-known laws of motion. NOT the one by Whitehead and Russel/.

The father of modern philosophy

The study of human thought about the meaning of life and the natural world

Discourse of Method

Descartes's conclusion in which he believed simply having thoughts means you exist

A student of Descartes

believed in the divine right of kings

expressed the views that all men were naturally selfish and wicked

Hobbes wrote that without government, life would be poor, nasty, brutish, and short. Presented the idea of the social contract. Leviathan

A condition in which there is no government.

someone who believes the worst will happen

monarchy in which the king or queen has unlimited power

published three years after Hobbes's death

formerly Prince Charles; former pupil of Thomas Hobbes

Favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority

Wrote Two Treatises on Government as justification of Glorious Revolution and end of absolutism in England. He argued that man is born good and has rights to life, liberty, and property. To protect these rig…

college attended by John Locke

Locke's book; states that we are blank slates at birth, acquiring knowledge through experience

John Locke's concept of the mind as a blank sheet ultimately bombarded by sense impressions that, aided by human reasoning, formulate ideas.

The bloodless accession of William and Mary to the throne of England after James II fled to England

What type of reforms are these an example of? spiritualism, communitarianism, sylvester graham and grahams, women's rights

symbolic start to revolution on July 14th 1789, stormed Bastille for weapons

(Baron de Montesquiei) believed that France was in troubleand most people suffered poverty and injustice

Roman Catholic Church, 1% of population

A collection of letters from Usbek and Rica (Baron de Montesquieu) that criticized the French ruling class

Book which praised the British for limiting the power of the monarch and protecting rights of the people (Montesquiei)

The sharing of the government's power; the power is divided equally between the three separate branches of the government.

used satire against opponents, (1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church.

a "pen name," that is, a name used by an author in place of his or her real name

government in which a ruler shares his or her power with another governing body such as Parliament

social critics in france

the act of removing or holding back anything thought not right for people to see or hear

books to help scholars learn

drafted the Constitution; shared Locke's ideas

American philosophe

the series of publications aimed at helping people improve themselves; a cross between an encyclopedia and a journal

A person who works for a govenment and goes to other countries to talk about politics and business.

father of the Constitution;4th President of the United States; member of the Continental Congress and rapporteur at the Constitutional Convention in 1776; helped frame the Bill of Rights (1751-1836)

thanks in French

branches of government in the U.S. that hold each other accountable and maintain balance

a new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems

An implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection. Theories of a social contract became popular in the 16th, 1…

government established under William and Mary after they signed the English Bill of Rights (their power was limited)

A government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject

French aristocrat who wanted to limit royal absolutism; Wrote The Spirit of Laws, urging that power be separated between executive, legislative, and judicial branches, each balancing out the others, thus preventing despotism and preserving free…

believed in the social contract, A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy

Fair and equal treatment of prisoners/punishments should fit crimes. Wrote " On Crimes and Punishments".

A type of government where people rule directly than through representatives though they agree to give up some of their freedom in favor of the common good.

argued women need education to become virtuous and useful

Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade (1723-1790), wrote "wealth of Nations"