2022-09-15T06:11:19+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>Half-life</p>, <p>cannot diffuse</p>, <p>ionized</p>, <p>True</p>, <p>equilibrium </p>, <p>nephron</p>, <p>Passive diffusion</p>, <p>not</p>, <p>recycled through circulation</p>, <p>Glomerular filtration rate</p>, <p>125ml/min</p>, <p>active</p>, <p>Tubular secretion</p>, <p>increase of dissociating of protein bound drugs</p>, <p>accelerates</p>, <p>vitamins, glucose, amino acids</p>, <p>recycled</p>, <p>lipophilic drugs</p>, <p>low</p>, <p>less</p>, <p>reduces</p>, <p>99%</p>, <p>water reabsorption</p>, <p>non-ionized, lipid-soluble</p>, <p>slightly acidic, basic drugs</p>, <p>active</p>, <p>unionized, lipid soluble</p>, <p>true</p>, <p>acidic, basic</p> flashcards
Drug Excretion

Drug Excretion

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  • Half-life

    time to reduce maximal concentration by half

  • cannot diffuse

    Polar (hydrophilic) compounds ____ back into circulation and are excreted

  • ionized

    A drug or its metabolite must be ____ to maximize elimination

  • True

    Even if a drug is predominantly ionized it has a percentage that is un-ionized. T/f?

  • equilibrium

    Once ionized drug is excreted, the ________ is re-established on both sides of the biological barrier (membrane)

  • nephron

    functional unit of kidney; removes metabolic waste

  • Passive diffusion

    concentration gradient from high to low

  • not

    Drugs bound to plasma proteins are _____ filtered through glomerular membrane.

  • recycled through circulation

    What happens to drugs that are not filtered through glomerular membrane?

  • Glomerular filtration rate

    the rate at which plasma water is filtered in glomerulus

  • 125ml/min

    What is the gfr?

  • active

    Which type of transport does tubular secretion utilize?

  • Tubular secretion

    -extracts chemicals from the capillary blood & secretes them into the tubular fluid

    -contains separate transporters for secreting acidic (anions) & basic (cations) drugs into the tubular lumen

  • increase of dissociating of protein bound drugs

    Decrease in plasma concentration results in what?

  • accelerates

    Tubular secretion _____ renal secretion

  • vitamins, glucose, amino acids

    Which compounds are typically reabsorbed?

  • recycled

    <5 KD & not protein bound will be ____?

  • lipophilic drugs

    Which kind of drugs undergo passive diffusion?

  • low

    Renal excretion of lipophilic drugs is ___ due to extensive tubular reabsorption

  • less

    Hydrophilic or ionized drugs undergo much ___ tubular reabsorption

  • reduces

    Tubular reabsorption _____ renal excretion and increases half-life

  • 99%

    How much water is reabsorbed?

  • water reabsorption

    What causes lipophilic drugs to be driven back into systemic circulation?

  • non-ionized, lipid-soluble

    Only ___ and ____ drugs are reabsorbed

  • slightly acidic, basic drugs

    Urine is normally _____ and favors excretion of _____

  • active

    Biliary excretion always utilizes what kind of transport?

  • unionized, lipid soluble

    What kind of drugs are excreted via salivary excretion?

  • true

    Breast milk is slightly acidic. T/F?

  • acidic, basic

    Since breast milk is more ____ than blood plasma, _____ compounds may become slightly concentrated in this location