2023-09-14T03:16:01+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>inhibit Na/K/Cl symporter in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle </p>, <p>f; short-acting</p>, <p>actively secreted; PCT</p>, <p>NSAIDs, probenecid; competition for tubular secretion </p>, <p>a</p>, <p>b</p>, <p>cause osmotic diuresis by creating a large quantity of sugar in the urine causing water to follow and be expelled; lowering preload </p>, <p>cGMP</p>, <p>acts by stimulating Soluble-GC in the heart cells (independent of NO); causing an increase in cGMP; providing tissue protection</p>, <p>interferes with ca++ metabolism and movement across membranes</p>, <p>generate NO independent of vascular endothelium; causes smooth muscle relaxation </p>, <p>b</p>, <p>b</p>, <p>b</p>, <p>c</p>, <p>c</p>, <p>isosorbide dinitrate + hydralazine </p>, <p>venous dilation </p>, <p>arterial dilation </p>, <p>d</p>, <p>b</p>, <p>e</p>, <p>c, d</p>, <p>b</p>, <p>c</p>, <p>an enzyme that is activated by NO and works in a signaling pathway to convert GTP into cGMP</p>, <p>a signaling molecule that works in smooth muscle cells and causes vasodilation</p> flashcards
Diuretics & SGLT2 (pharmacology)

Diuretics & SGLT2 (pharmacology)

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  • inhibit Na/K/Cl symporter in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

    loop diuretic MOA?

  • f; short-acting

    Loop diuretics are long-acting medications. T/F?

  • actively secreted; PCT

    Loop diuretics are filtered by the glomerulus and _________ in the ______.

  • NSAIDs, probenecid; competition for tubular secretion

    Which medications can decrease the efficacy of loop diuretics? Why?

  • a

    Which part of the nephron do SGLT2 inhibitors act on?

    a) proximal convoluted tubule

    b) loop of henle

    c) distal convoluted tubule

    d) collecting duct

  • b

    Which part of the nephron do Loop diuretics act on?

    a) proximal convoluted tubule

    b) ascending limb (Loop of Henle)

    c) distal convoluted tubule

    d) descending limb (Loop of Henle)

  • cause osmotic diuresis by creating a large quantity of sugar in the urine causing water to follow and be expelled; lowering preload

    How do SGLT2 inhibitors work in HF?

  • cGMP

    - a molecule that plays a crucial role in many physiological processes in the body, particularly in regulating smooth muscle relaxation, blood vessel dilation, and the transmission of signals in the nervous system.

  • acts by stimulating Soluble-GC in the heart cells (independent of NO); causing an increase in cGMP; providing tissue protection

    Vericiguat MOA?

  • interferes with ca++ metabolism and movement across membranes

    Hydralazine MOA?

  • generate NO independent of vascular endothelium; causes smooth muscle relaxation

    Nitrates MOA?

  • b

    Which has no effect on venous contraction?

    a) Vericiguat

    b) Hydralazine

    c) Nitrates

    d) BiDil

    e) ISDN

  • b

    Which is used in HF + HTN in AA?

    a) Vericiguat

    b) Hydralazine

    c) Nitrates

    d) BiDil

    e) ISDN

  • b

    Which undergoes significant first pass metabolism?

    a) Vericiguat

    b) Hydralazine

    c) Nitrates

    d) BiDil

    e) ISDN

  • c

    Which are prodrugs?

    a) Vericiguat

    b) Hydralazine

    c) Nitrates

    d) BiDil

    e) ISDN

  • c

    Which is requires ALDH2 for its metabolism?

    a) Vericiguat

    b) Hydralazine

    c) Nitrates

    d) BiDil

    e) ISDN

  • isosorbide dinitrate + hydralazine

    BiDil =

  • venous dilation

    decrease in Preload =

  • arterial dilation

    decrease in Afterload =

  • d

    Which decreases preload AND afterload?

    a) Vericiguat

    b) Hydralazine

    c) Nitrates

    d) BiDil

    e) ISDN

  • b

    Which prevents nitrate tolerance?

    a) Vericiguat

    b) Hydralazine

    c) Nitrates

    d) BiDil

    e) ISDN

  • e

    Which decreases diastolic filling ( preload ) ?

    a) Vericiguat

    b) Hydralazine

    c) Nitrates

    d) BiDil

    e) ISDN

  • c, d

    Which medication do we avoid PDE-5 inhibitors in?

    a) Vericiguat

    b) Hydralazine

    c) Nitrates

    d) BiDil

  • b

    Which can cause drug-induced lupus?

    a) Vericiguat

    b) Hydralazine

    c) Nitrates

    d) BiDil

  • c

    Which loop do we use in patient's with a Sulfa allergy?

    a) furosemide

    b) torsemide

    c) ethacrynic acid

    d) bumetanide

  • an enzyme that is activated by NO and works in a signaling pathway to convert GTP into cGMP

    What is sGC or Soluble guanylate cyclase?

  • a signaling molecule that works in smooth muscle cells and causes vasodilation

    What is cGMP?