inhibit Na/K/Cl symporter in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
loop diuretic MOA?
f; short-acting
Loop diuretics are long-acting medications. T/F?
actively secreted; PCT
Loop diuretics are filtered by the glomerulus and _________ in the ______.
NSAIDs, probenecid; competition for tubular secretion
Which medications can decrease the efficacy of loop diuretics? Why?
a
Which part of the nephron do SGLT2 inhibitors act on?
a) proximal convoluted tubule
b) loop of henle
c) distal convoluted tubule
d) collecting duct
b
Which part of the nephron do Loop diuretics act on?
a) proximal convoluted tubule
b) ascending limb (Loop of Henle)
c) distal convoluted tubule
d) descending limb (Loop of Henle)
cause osmotic diuresis by creating a large quantity of sugar in the urine causing water to follow and be expelled; lowering preload
How do SGLT2 inhibitors work in HF?
cGMP
- a molecule that plays a crucial role in many physiological processes in the body, particularly in regulating smooth muscle relaxation, blood vessel dilation, and the transmission of signals in the nervous system.
acts by stimulating Soluble-GC in the heart cells (independent of NO); causing an increase in cGMP; providing tissue protection
Vericiguat MOA?
interferes with ca++ metabolism and movement across membranes
Hydralazine MOA?
generate NO independent of vascular endothelium; causes smooth muscle relaxation
Nitrates MOA?
b
Which has no effect on venous contraction?
a) Vericiguat
b) Hydralazine
c) Nitrates
d) BiDil
e) ISDN
b
Which is used in HF + HTN in AA?
a) Vericiguat
b) Hydralazine
c) Nitrates
d) BiDil
e) ISDN
b
Which undergoes significant first pass metabolism?
a) Vericiguat
b) Hydralazine
c) Nitrates
d) BiDil
e) ISDN
c
Which are prodrugs?
a) Vericiguat
b) Hydralazine
c) Nitrates
d) BiDil
e) ISDN
c
Which is requires ALDH2 for its metabolism?
a) Vericiguat
b) Hydralazine
c) Nitrates
d) BiDil
e) ISDN
isosorbide dinitrate + hydralazine
BiDil =
venous dilation
decrease in Preload =
arterial dilation
decrease in Afterload =
d
Which decreases preload AND afterload?
a) Vericiguat
b) Hydralazine
c) Nitrates
d) BiDil
e) ISDN
b
Which prevents nitrate tolerance?
a) Vericiguat
b) Hydralazine
c) Nitrates
d) BiDil
e) ISDN
e
Which decreases diastolic filling ( preload ) ?
a) Vericiguat
b) Hydralazine
c) Nitrates
d) BiDil
e) ISDN
c, d
Which medication do we avoid PDE-5 inhibitors in?
a) Vericiguat
b) Hydralazine
c) Nitrates
d) BiDil
b
Which can cause drug-induced lupus?
a) Vericiguat
b) Hydralazine
c) Nitrates
d) BiDil
c
Which loop do we use in patient's with a Sulfa allergy?
a) furosemide
b) torsemide
c) ethacrynic acid
d) bumetanide
an enzyme that is activated by NO and works in a signaling pathway to convert GTP into cGMP
What is sGC or Soluble guanylate cyclase?
a signaling molecule that works in smooth muscle cells and causes vasodilation
What is cGMP?