2022-10-23T03:09:16+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>pluripotent stem cells</p>, <p>1. ribosome synthesis, 2. hemoglobin accumulation, 3. ejection of nucleus</p>, <p>true</p>, <p>phagocytic cells</p>, <p>bilirubin; liver</p>, <p>hemolytic anemia</p>, <p>Haptoglobin</p>, <p>Hemoglobinemia </p>, <p>duodenum </p>, <p>ferritin </p>, <p>Anemia</p>, <p>disease indicator</p>, <p>excessive rbc loss, excessive hemoglobin loss, hemolysis, deficient rbc production</p>, <p>symptoms of anemia</p>, <p>Etiology of anemia</p>, <p>valine for glutamic acid</p>, <p>acute pain in bones, hypoxia, chest pain, damaged spleen</p>, <p>Polycythemia</p>, <p>relative polycythemia</p>, <p>absolute primary polycythemia</p>, <p>absolute secondary polycythemia</p>, <p>lymphatic system</p>, <p>immune system</p>, <p>chyle</p>, <p>lacteals</p>, <p>heart</p>, <p>bone marrow, thymus</p>, <p>leukopenia</p>, <p>neutropenia</p>, <p>alloimmune neonatal neutropenia</p>, <p>Periodic neutropenia</p>, <p>Kostmann syndrome</p>, <p>autoimmune, bone marrow disease</p>, <p>systemic lupus erythematous, infection (HIV,TB)</p>, <p>chemo, radiation, clozapine , b-lactam antibiotics (cephalosporins) </p>, <p>Epstein-barr </p>, <p>heterophil</p>, <p>oral secretions</p>, <p>4-8 weeks</p>, <p>prodromal period</p>, <p>infectious period</p>, <p>incubation , prodromal, infectious</p> flashcards
Disorders of RBCs and WBCs

Disorders of RBCs and WBCs

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  • pluripotent stem cells

    RBCs are produced by __________

  • 1. ribosome synthesis, 2. hemoglobin accumulation, 3. ejection of nucleus

    List the phases of erythrocyte development pathway.

  • true

    RBC destruction should equal rate of production (1%) a day. T/F?

  • phagocytic cells

    RBCs are recycled by ___________

  • bilirubin; liver

    Heme is converted to ____________ and is removed by _________

  • hemolytic anemia

    -when RBC destruction exceeds RBC production

  • Haptoglobin

    -is the protein that in humans is encoded by the HP gene

    -In blood plasma, this protein binds with high affinity to free hemoglobin released from erythrocytes, and thereby inhibits its deleterious oxidative activity.

  • Hemoglobinemia

    -excess of hemoglobin in blood plasma

  • duodenum

    Iron that is digested is absorbed where?

  • ferritin

    Iron stored in tissue

  • Anemia

    -abnormally low RBCs and/or low level of hemoglobin

    -decreased oxygen carrying capacity

  • disease indicator

    Is anemia a disease or a disease indicator?

  • excessive rbc loss, excessive hemoglobin loss, hemolysis, deficient rbc production

    Causes of anemia?

  • symptoms of anemia

    -tissue hypoxia, fatigue & weakness, headache & faintness, pallor, tachycardia, palpitations, bone pain/tenderness

  • Etiology of anemia

    -recessive inheritance of HbS gene

    -point mutation in B-chain of hemoglobin molecule

    -deoxygenated hemoglobin aggregates and polymerizes in cytoplasm to change and deform cell

  • valine for glutamic acid

    Which amino acid changes in sickle cell anemia?

  • acute pain in bones, hypoxia, chest pain, damaged spleen

    what are symptoms of sickle cell anemia?

  • Polycythemia

    -abnormally high RBC mass

    -increase in blood viscosity

    -cardiac dysfunction; hypertension

    -vascular obstruction

  • relative polycythemia

    -hematocrit rises because of plasma volume loss without decrease in RBCs

    -water deprivation, diuretic usage

  • absolute primary polycythemia

    -neoplastic disease of pluripotent cells of bone marrow

  • absolute secondary polycythemia

    -increase in erythropoetin as a compensation to hypoxia

    -causes: high altitude, chronic heart and lung diseases

  • lymphatic system

    -main function is to return excess tissue fluid to blood vascular system

    -vessels collect tissue fluid

    - high permeability allows entrance of : tissue fluid & protein molecules, bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells, fight disease

  • immune system

    -protects our bodies from foreign organisms

    -confers immunity to disease

    -main components: lymphocytes, lymphoid tissue, lymphoid organs

  • chyle

    -fatty lymph

  • lacteals

    -specialized lymphatic capillaries located in the villi of the small intestines

    -receive digested fats

    -chyle

  • heart

    Lymphatic fluid only flows towards what organ?

  • bone marrow, thymus

    Primary lymphoid organs

  • leukopenia

    -general term describing decrease in absolute number of leukocytes in blood

  • neutropenia

    -decrease in neutrophils will increase risk for infection

  • alloimmune neonatal neutropenia

    -maternal alloantibodies destroy infant's neutrophils

  • Periodic neutropenia

    -periodic changes in neutrophil elastase that degrades virulent factors in bacteria

  • Kostmann syndrome

    -halting of myeloid maturation due to mutations in HAX-1 gene causing neutrophil mitochondrial loss of function

  • autoimmune, bone marrow disease

    Primary causes of acquired neutropenia:

  • systemic lupus erythematous, infection (HIV,TB)

    Secondary cause of acquired neutropenia:

  • chemo, radiation, clozapine , b-lactam antibiotics (cephalosporins)

    Drugs that can cause neutropenia:

  • Epstein-barr

    85% of Mono cases are caused by which virus?

  • heterophil

    EBV can incorporate into B cell genome causing B cells to produce _______ antibodies

  • oral secretions

    How is mono spread?

  • 4-8 weeks

    How long does the incubation period for mono last?

  • prodromal period

    symptoms: malaise, anorexia, chills

  • infectious period

    symptoms: high fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy

  • incubation , prodromal, infectious

    Clinical course of mono?