Hosam Mohamed-
Discrete Variable
-characterized by gaps or interruptions in the values that it can assume.
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continuous variable
-does not possess gaps or interruptions; can take on any value within a defined range.
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continuous
Blood pressure, temperature, height are examples of what type of variables?
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Discrete
Religion, biological sex, treatment group are examples of what type of variables?
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Nominal variables
-variables that can be placed into narrowly defined categories that are NOT in any particular order
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Ordinal variables
-variables that consist of narrowly defined categories that can be ranked or logically "ordered."
-scale categories do not necessarily increase by the same amount
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Ordinal
Education level, disease staging, pain level, patient satisfaction/agreement are examples of what variable?
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Nominal
Sex, marital status, eye color, blood type are what types of variables?
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Interval variables
-variables where a scale of ranked data represents meaningful differences between values, but lacks a defined zero point.
-zero point is arbitrary; doesn't mean there is NOT a zero
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interval
Temperature in celsius or IQ test scores would best be defined as ______ variables.
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Ratio variables
-Variables where a scale of ranked data represents meaningful differences between values and has a true zero point
-There is a defined and meaningful zero point that denotes “none of” the property being measured
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a
Genotype
a) nominal
b) ordinal
c) interval
d) ratio
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c
BMI
a) nominal
b) ordinal
c) interval
d) ratio
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a
Political orientation
a) nominal
b) ordinal
c) interval
d) ratio
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a
Housing accommodation
a) nominal
b) ordinal
c) interval
d) ratio
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b
Socioeconomic status
a) nominal
b) ordinal
c) interval
d) ratio
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C
SAT score
a) nominal
b) ordinal
c) interval
d) ratio
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D
Age
a) nominal
b) ordinal
c) interval
d) ratio
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iv= cigarette smoking; dv= lung cancer
A study of cigarette smoking and lung cancer mortality • IV? • DV?
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iv= aspirin+placebo, dv= coronary events
A comparison of aspirin against placebo to see if aspirin leads to a reduction in coronary events • IV? • DV?
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iv= subjective ratings; dv= satisfaction
A study attempting to assess whether subjective ratings of a physician’s communication style lead to satisfaction with medical care • IV? • DV?
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statistics
-descriptive measures computed from the data of a sample
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parameters
-descriptive measures computed (estimated) from the data of a population
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a
Mean is preferred for calculating what type of data?
a) continuous data
b) ordinal data
c) nominal data
d) interval data
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a,b
Median is preferred for calculating what type of data ?
a) continuous data
b) ordinal data
c) nominal data
d) interval data
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Standard deviation
-indicates how spread out the data is and to what degree the data is dispersed away from the mean
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Pearson's correlation coefficient
What test do we use for continuous parametric data?
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spearman's rank-order correlation
What test do we use with nonparametric data?
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Coefficient of determination
-Often used in predictive modeling, telling us the proportion of a variable explained by another variable
