Discrete Variable
-characterized by gaps or interruptions in the values that it can assume.
continuous variable
-does not possess gaps or interruptions; can take on any value within a defined range.
continuous
Blood pressure, temperature, height are examples of what type of variables?
Discrete
Religion, biological sex, treatment group are examples of what type of variables?
Nominal variables
-variables that can be placed into narrowly defined categories that are NOT in any particular order
Ordinal variables
-variables that consist of narrowly defined categories that can be ranked or logically "ordered."
-scale categories do not necessarily increase by the same amount
Ordinal
Education level, disease staging, pain level, patient satisfaction/agreement are examples of what variable?
Nominal
Sex, marital status, eye color, blood type are what types of variables?
Interval variables
-variables where a scale of ranked data represents meaningful differences between values, but lacks a defined zero point.
-zero point is arbitrary; doesn't mean there is NOT a zero
interval
Temperature in celsius or IQ test scores would best be defined as ______ variables.
Ratio variables
-Variables where a scale of ranked data represents meaningful differences between values and has a true zero point
-There is a defined and meaningful zero point that denotes “none of” the property being measured
a
Genotype
a) nominal
b) ordinal
c) interval
d) ratio
c
BMI
a) nominal
b) ordinal
c) interval
d) ratio
a
Political orientation
a) nominal
b) ordinal
c) interval
d) ratio
a
Housing accommodation
a) nominal
b) ordinal
c) interval
d) ratio
b
Socioeconomic status
a) nominal
b) ordinal
c) interval
d) ratio
C
SAT score
a) nominal
b) ordinal
c) interval
d) ratio
D
Age
a) nominal
b) ordinal
c) interval
d) ratio
iv= cigarette smoking; dv= lung cancer
A study of cigarette smoking and lung cancer mortality • IV? • DV?
iv= aspirin+placebo, dv= coronary events
A comparison of aspirin against placebo to see if aspirin leads to a reduction in coronary events • IV? • DV?
iv= subjective ratings; dv= satisfaction
A study attempting to assess whether subjective ratings of a physician’s communication style lead to satisfaction with medical care • IV? • DV?
statistics
-descriptive measures computed from the data of a sample
parameters
-descriptive measures computed (estimated) from the data of a population
a
Mean is preferred for calculating what type of data?
a) continuous data
b) ordinal data
c) nominal data
d) interval data
a,b
Median is preferred for calculating what type of data ?
a) continuous data
b) ordinal data
c) nominal data
d) interval data
Standard deviation
-indicates how spread out the data is and to what degree the data is dispersed away from the mean
Pearson's correlation coefficient
What test do we use for continuous parametric data?
spearman's rank-order correlation
What test do we use with nonparametric data?
Coefficient of determination
-Often used in predictive modeling, telling us the proportion of a variable explained by another variable