academicrockclimber-
Which instrument has the appearance of a misshapen pancake spatula?Davidson scapula retractor
-
How many ribs are considered “true” ribs with direct connection to the sternum with costal cartilage?seven
-
For which of the following procedures would the rigid bronchoscope be preferred?removal of foreign body in children
-
Lung tissue has what kind of consistency?friable
-
Which nerve could be damaged during lung decortication resulting in paralysis or partial paralysis of the diaphragm?phrenic
-
In which procedure would an incision NOT be required for insertion of the endoscope?bronchoscopy
-
Which structure within the respiratory tract is the proximal and superior?larynx
-
Which of the following are the final branchings of the respiratory tree?alveoli
-
The manubrium, body, and xiphoid process are portions of the:sternum
-
All of the following structures are found within the mediastinum EXCEPT:diaphragm
-
Which membrane covers the surface of the lungs?visceral pleura
-
What is the medical term for coughing up blood?hemoptysis
-
How many lobes are there in the right lung?three
-
In which part of the respiratory system does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place?alveoli
-
Which of the following regarding blood flow is correct?right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium
-
What is the name of the device that is attached to suction for collection of mucous or bronchial washing specimens?Lukens tube
-
What is the medical term for visible changes in density on chest x-ray that indicates pulmonary pathology?infiltrate
-
Thymomas, neurogenic tumors, and pleuropericardial cysts can be biopsied during which procedure?mediastinoscopy
-
Where is the insertion point for the mediastinoscope?suprasternal notch
-
What is the name of an air-filled sac that has the appearance of a blister on the surface of lung tissue?bleb
-
In the event that a VATS procedure had to be converted to an open procedure, which open case would be performed?thoracotomy
-
Which of the following will be required upon completion of any procedure in which the pleural cavity has been opened?chest tube attached to a Pleur-evac system
-
Which additional pain control measure is taken for patients undergoing pectus excavatum repair by VATS?epidural
-
What is the name of the procedure performed to release constriction of the lungs by fibrin layers?lung decortication
-
The name of the condition created when pus is not cleared from the pleural cavity and makes a fibrous constrictive layer is:empyema
-
Prior to the closure of a lobectomy procedure, the anesthesia provider performs a Valsalva maneuver to check for:air leakage from bronchial closure
-
What is the term for a collapsed lung?atelectasis
-
Which type of incision is made for a pneumonectomy?posterolateral
-
Which of the following is a crushing clamp with sharp spikes in the jaw used on the bronchus?Sarot
-
Which instrument is a rib shear?Bethune
-
What is a commonly used rib self-retaining retractor available in adult and pediatric sizes?Finochietto
-
Which instrument is a lung-grasping forceps that resembles a very large Pennington?Lovelace
-
Which of the following thoracic procedures would require the patient to be put on cardiopulmonary bypass?pulmonary thromboendarterectomy
-
Following lung transplantation, the surgeon will perform which procedure to aspirate secretions and check for leaks?bronchoscopy
-
The main bronchi, pulmonary arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels enter the lung on the medial surface through the:hilum
-
How many pulmonary veins are there?four
-
Which diagnostic study is MOST useful for verification of thoracic aortic dissection?stress test
-
Which statement regarding the anatomical placement of the heart is correct?It is positioned in the mediastinum with approximately 2/3 of the heart on the left side.
-
Which structure is considered the “pacemaker” of the heart?SA node
-
Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping blood into the pulmonary artery?right ventricle
-
Which portion of the heart is responsible for pumping blood into the ascending aorta?left ventricle
-
The coronary arteries originate from the:ascending aorta
-
What is the name of the area between the visceral and parietal pleura that contains serous fluid to prevent friction?pleural space
-
What is the thickest part of the heart?myocardium
-
Where is the apex of the heart located within the mediastinum?inferiorly on the left side
-
Which one of the following is NOT one of the cardiac valves?septal
-
Which heart valve is also known as the bicuspid valve?mitral
-
The apex of the lung is located:superiorly and just above the clavicle
-
All of the following are components of the “heart-lung” machine EXCEPT:defibrillator
-
Where are the cannulae MOST commonly placed for cardiopulmonary bypass procedures?right atrium and ascending aorta
-
Which of the following is a commonly used method of preserving the heart by reducing its metabolic needs?hypothermia
-
Which suturing technique maintains the aortic and venous cannulae?purse-string
-
The force and rate of contraction of the heart is controlled by which part of the central nervous system (CNS)?medulla oblongata
-
What is the first step in the formation of an atheroma?injury to endothelial lining
-
Which of the following is the main underlying pathogenic cause of coronary atherosclerosis and clinical manifestations?ischemia
-
Which artery accounts for approximately 50% of occlusive coronary lesions?left anterior descending
-
What is the name of the acute condition in which heart muscle dies from ischemia and may lead to sudden cardiac death?myocardial infarction
-
Where is a Swan-Ganz catheter placed?pulmonary artery
-
Which suture is frequently used for anastomosis of the saphenous vein or internal mammary artery in CABG?6-0 or 7-0 polypropylene
-
Which instrument is used to make a small opening into the ascending aorta after the Satinsky partial occlusion clamp is placed?aortic punch
-
With what is the median sternotomy closed?heavy gauge stainless steel wire
-
Medtronic OCTOPUS® and Guidant Ultima OPCAB® are what type of devices for coronary artery bypass done off- pump?stabilizers
-
What is the name of the device used for patients who are unable to be weaned off of cardiopulmonary bypass?intra-aortic balloon pump
-
Which device is used for patients awaiting heart transplant that allows them to be ambulatory and has both internal and external components to the system?ventricular assist device
-
What is the general term for incurable diseases of the heart for which the only treatment would be heart transplantation?cardiomyopathies
-
Aortic valve stenosis and aortic regurgitation are often as a result of:rheumatic fever
-
Which diagnostic method provides the MOST extensive details regarding valvular disorders?cardiac catheterization
-
A heart murmur is often heard with auscultation and indicative of involvement of which structure?mitral valve
-
What is the average lifespan of biologic and mechanical heart valve replacements?10 to 15 years
-
What is the term for a localized stricture of the aorta found in a pediatric patient?coarctation
-
Which singular congenital defect involves failure of closure of the connection between the pulmonary artery and aorta?patent ductus arteriosus
-
What is frequently used to repair atrial and ventricular septal defects in pediatric patients?Dacron patch
-
Which congenital defect has four components and is characterized by cyanosis causing appearance of “blue babies”?tetralogy of Fallot
-
Which surgical approach is used for repair of coarctation of the aorta and patent ductus arteriosus?posterolateral
-
Commissurotomy is a surgical separation of the flaps of the:mitral valve
-
The saphenous vein used for coronary artery grafting must be reversed before anastomosis due to the presence of valves in the vein.True
-
Video-assisted thoracic surgery procedures use carbon dioxide for distention.False
-
The ventricles of the heart have thicker myocardium than the atria.True
-
Lung reduction surgery is performed for patients with emphysema.True
-
The drainage and collection device attached to chest tubes relies on a water seal to reestablish negative pressure in the pleural cavity.True
-
A heart rate that exceeds 100 beats per minuteVentricular tachycardia
-
Chaotic and disorganized stimulation of the ventricle, making it unable to effectively pump bloodVentricular fibrillation
-
Abnormally slow electrical impulses and heartbeat below 40 to 60 beats per minuteBradycardia
-
Disorganized stimulation of the atria that prevents atrial contraction and does not allow for ventricular fillingAtrial fibrillation
-
Absence of a heartbeat; cardiac standstillAsystole
-
Percentage of blood volume pumped out of the heart into the systemic circulation; indicator of ventricular functionEjection fraction
-
Noninvasive study used to diagnose mitral valve stenosis or other valvular disordersEchocardiography
-
Monitoring procedure that records electrical activity of the heartElectrocardiograph
-
Electrical conduction disorder requiring permanent pacemakerHeart block
-
The function accomplished by the cardiopulmonary bypass machinePerfusion
