Flashcards: Chapter 22

Which instrument has the appearance of a misshapen pancake spatula? 

How many ribs are considered “true” ribs with direct connection to the sternum with costal cartilage? 

 For which of the following procedures would the rigid bronchoscope be preferred? 

Lung tissue has what kind of consistency? 

Which nerve could be damaged during lung decortication resulting in paralysis or partial paralysis of the diaphragm? 

 In which procedure would an incision NOT be required for insertion of the endoscope? 

Which structure within the respiratory tract is the proximal and superior? 

Which of the following are the final branchings of the respiratory tree? 

The manubrium, body, and xiphoid process are portions of the: 

All of the following structures are found within the mediastinum EXCEPT: 

Which membrane covers the surface of the lungs? 

What is the medical term for coughing up blood? 

How many lobes are there in the right lung? 

 In which part of the respiratory system does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place? 

Which of the following regarding blood flow is correct?

What is the name of the device that is attached to suction for collection of mucous or bronchial washing specimens? 

 What is the medical term for visible changes in density on chest x-ray that indicates pulmonary pathology? 

Thymomas, neurogenic tumors, and pleuropericardial cysts can be biopsied during which procedure? 

Where is the insertion point for the mediastinoscope? 

What is the name of an air-filled sac that has the appearance of a blister on the surface of lung tissue? 

 In the event that a VATS procedure had to be converted to an open procedure, which open case would be performed? 

Which of the following will be required upon completion of any procedure in which the pleural cavity has been opened? 

Which additional pain control measure is taken for patients undergoing pectus excavatum repair by VATS? 

What is the name of the procedure performed to release constriction of the lungs by fibrin layers? 

The name of the condition created when pus is not cleared from the pleural cavity and makes a fibrous constrictive layer is: 

Prior to the closure of a lobectomy procedure, the anesthesia provider performs a Valsalva maneuver to check for: 

 What is the term for a collapsed lung? 

Which type of incision is made for a pneumonectomy? 

Which of the following is a crushing clamp with sharp spikes in the jaw used on the bronchus? 

Which instrument is a rib shear? 

What is a commonly used rib self-retaining retractor available in adult and pediatric sizes? 

Which instrument is a lung-grasping forceps that resembles a very large Pennington? 

Which of the following thoracic procedures would require the patient to be put on cardiopulmonary bypass? 

Following lung transplantation, the surgeon will perform which procedure to aspirate secretions and check for leaks? 

The main bronchi, pulmonary arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels enter the lung on the medial surface through the: 

How many pulmonary veins are there? 

Which diagnostic study is MOST useful for verification of thoracic aortic dissection? 

Which statement regarding the anatomical placement of the heart is correct?

Which structure is considered the “pacemaker” of the heart? 

Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping blood into the pulmonary artery? 

Which portion of the heart is responsible for pumping blood into the ascending aorta? 

The coronary arteries originate from the: 

What is the name of the area between the visceral and parietal pleura that contains serous fluid to prevent friction? 

What is the thickest part of the heart? 

Where is the apex of the heart located within the mediastinum? 

 Which one of the following is NOT one of the cardiac valves? 

Which heart valve is also known as the bicuspid valve? 

The apex of the lung is located:

All of the following are components of the “heart-lung” machine EXCEPT: 

Where are the cannulae MOST commonly placed for cardiopulmonary bypass procedures? 

Which of the following is a commonly used method of preserving the heart by reducing its metabolic needs? 

Which suturing technique maintains the aortic and venous cannulae? 

The force and rate of contraction of the heart is controlled by which part of the central nervous system (CNS)? 

What is the first step in the formation of an atheroma? 

Which of the following is the main underlying pathogenic cause of coronary atherosclerosis and clinical manifestations? 

Which artery accounts for approximately 50% of occlusive coronary lesions? 

What is the name of the acute condition in which heart muscle dies from ischemia and may lead to sudden cardiac death? 

Where is a Swan-Ganz catheter placed? 

Which suture is frequently used for anastomosis of the saphenous vein or internal mammary artery in CABG? 

Which instrument is used to make a small opening into the ascending aorta after the Satinsky partial occlusion clamp is placed? 

With what is the median sternotomy closed? 

Medtronic OCTOPUS® and Guidant Ultima OPCAB® are what type of devices for coronary artery bypass done off- pump? 

What is the name of the device used for patients who are unable to be weaned off of cardiopulmonary bypass? 

Which device is used for patients awaiting heart transplant that allows them to be ambulatory and has both internal and external components to the system? 

What is the general term for incurable diseases of the heart for which the only treatment would be heart transplantation? 

Aortic valve stenosis and aortic regurgitation are often as a result of: 

Which diagnostic method provides the MOST extensive details regarding valvular disorders? 

A heart murmur is often heard with auscultation and indicative of involvement of which structure? 

What is the average lifespan of biologic and mechanical heart valve replacements? 

What is the term for a localized stricture of the aorta found in a pediatric patient? 

Which singular congenital defect involves failure of closure of the connection between the pulmonary artery and aorta? 

What is frequently used to repair atrial and ventricular septal defects in pediatric patients? 

Which congenital defect has four components and is characterized by cyanosis causing appearance of “blue babies”? 

Which surgical approach is used for repair of coarctation of the aorta and patent ductus arteriosus? 

 Commissurotomy is a surgical separation of the flaps of the: 

The saphenous vein used for coronary artery grafting must be reversed before anastomosis due to the presence of valves in the vein. 

Video-assisted thoracic surgery procedures use carbon dioxide for distention. 

The ventricles of the heart have thicker myocardium than the atria. 

 Lung reduction surgery is performed for patients with emphysema. 

The drainage and collection device attached to chest tubes relies on a water seal to reestablish negative pressure in the pleural cavity. 

A heart rate that exceeds 100 beats per minute 

Chaotic and disorganized stimulation of the ventricle, making it unable to effectively pump blood 

Abnormally slow electrical impulses and heartbeat below 40 to 60 beats per minute 

Disorganized stimulation of the atria that prevents atrial contraction and does not allow for ventricular filling 

Absence of a heartbeat; cardiac standstill 

Percentage of blood volume pumped out of the heart into the systemic circulation; indicator of ventricular function 

 Noninvasive study used to diagnose mitral valve stenosis or other valvular disorders 

Monitoring procedure that records electrical activity of the heart 

Electrical conduction disorder requiring permanent pacemaker 

The function accomplished by the cardiopulmonary bypass machine