2023-05-09T20:03:17+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>true</p>, <p>abdominal</p>, <p>elevated, defective release , insufficient due to resistance</p>, <p>somogyi effect</p>, <p>not preceded by an episode of hypoglycemia</p>, <p>false</p>, <p>c</p>, <p>one step</p>, <p>two step</p>, <p>micro/macroadenomas of adenohypophysis in hypothalmic disorders </p>, <p>weight gain, DM type 2, polyuria , protein wasting, hyperpigmentation, hypertension</p>, <p>osteoperosis; renal stones</p>, <p>protein wasting </p>, <p>loss of collagen</p>, <p>mineralcorticoids; outer layer of cortex</p>, <p>glucocorticoids, androgens; middle layer</p>, <p>cortisol</p>, <p>corticosterone </p>, <p>decrease; increase</p>, <p>cushing's disease</p>, <p>a</p>, <p>b</p>, <p>false; women </p>, <p>congenital adrenal hyperplasia </p>, <p>21-hydroxylase; 11-B-Hydroxylase</p>, <p>primary adrenal insufficiency </p>, <p>secondary adrenal insufficiency </p>, <p>a</p>, <p>b</p>, <p>c</p> flashcards
Ch. 41 part. 4

Ch. 41 part. 4

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  • true

    Individuals with type 2 diabetes may not need insulin treatment to survive. T/F?

  • abdominal

    Patients with type 2 diabetes have increased body fat predominantly in the _____ region.

  • elevated, defective release , insufficient due to resistance

    What kind of insulin levels can a person with type 2 diabetes have? (3)

  • somogyi effect

    - suggests that when blood glucose levels decrease too low, in the late evening adrenaline, corticosteroids, growth hormone, and glucagon are increased in secretion and results in hyperglycemia in the morning.

  • not preceded by an episode of hypoglycemia

    How is the Dawn Phenomenon different from the Somogyi effect?

  • false

    The Dawn Phenomenon occurs in normal patients. T/F?

  • c

    Which trimester is it recommended that women experiencing Gestational Diabetes seek treatment?

    a) 1st

    b) 2nd

    c) 3rd

    d) 4th

  • one step

    -75-g oral glucose tolerance test

  • two step

    -approach with a 50-g (nonfasting) screen followed by a 100-g OGTT for those who screen positive

  • micro/macroadenomas of adenohypophysis in hypothalmic disorders

    What is the main cause of Cushing syndrome?

  • weight gain, DM type 2, polyuria , protein wasting, hyperpigmentation, hypertension

    What are signs and symptoms of Excessive corticotrophin release? (6)

  • osteoperosis; renal stones

    Protein wasting in bones can lead to ______ & _______.

  • protein wasting

    -·due to catabolic effects of cortisol on peripheral tissue (muscle wasting-- ---> muscle atrophy and weakness--->  thin  lower extremities)

  • loss of collagen

    Protein wasting in skin can lead to ______.

  • mineralcorticoids; outer layer of cortex

    What does the Zona glomerulosa produce? Where is it located?

  • glucocorticoids, androgens; middle layer

    What does the Zona fasciculata & reticularis produce? Where is it located?

  • cortisol

    •regulates carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism

    •has an anti-inflammatory effect

    •helps the body cope during times of stress

  • corticosterone

    •is a steroid

    •influences potassium and sodium metabolism

  • decrease; increase

    In Addison's disease, patients will experience a _______ in cortisol & ______ in ACTH.

  • cushing's disease

    -hypersecretion of cortisol

  • a

    Function in sodium, potassium, and water balance

    a) mineralcorticoids(aldosterone)

    b) glucorticoids (cortisol)

    c) adrogens

  • b

    Aid in regulating metabolic & inflammatory functions.

    a) mineralcorticoids(aldosterone)

    b) glucorticoids (cortisol)

    c) adrogens

  • false; women

    Androgens are mainly a source of androgens for men. T/F?

  • congenital adrenal hyperplasia

    –Increased levels of ACTH overstimulate production of adrenal androgens, mineralocorticoids

  • 21-hydroxylase; 11-B-Hydroxylase

    What is the most common Enzyme deficiency in ACTH?

  • primary adrenal insufficiency

    -–the adrenal gland doesn't make enough of the hormone

  • secondary adrenal insufficiency

    -–the pituitary gland doesn't make enough of the hormone ACTH

  • a

    Results from excessive production of ACTH

    a) pituitary form

    b) adrenal form

    c) ectopic form

  • b

    Caused by benign or malignant adrenal tumor.

    a) pituitary form

    b) adrenal form

    c) ectopic form

  • c

    Caused by nonpituitary ACTH-secreting tumor.

    a) pituitary form

    b) adrenal form

    c) ectopic form