2022-12-02T03:24:18+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>d</p>, <p>c</p>, <p>efferent; atria (sa node) </p>, <p>chemoreceptors</p>, <p>a</p>, <p>change heart rate, contraction and vascular tone</p>, <p>cause widespread vasoconstriction when pressure drops</p>, <p>causes vasoconstriction</p>, <p>increases sodium &amp; water reabsorption</p>, <p>aldosterone; adrenal</p>, <p>vasopressin (adh)</p>, <p>pressure diuresis</p>, <p>Pressure natriuresis</p>, <p>Primary (essential) hypertension</p>, <p>Secondary hypertension</p>, <p>causes of secondary hypertension </p>, <p>diuretics</p>, <p>sympathoplegics</p>, <p>direct vasodilators</p>, <p>Angiotensin blockers</p>, <p>10-15 mmHg</p>, <p>thiazides, loop diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics </p>, <p>methyldopa, clonidine</p>, <p>propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol</p>, <p>methyldopa</p>, <p>clonidine</p>, <p>B1-adrenergic </p>, <p>B2-adrenergic </p>, <p>metoprolol, atenolol</p>, <p>propranolol </p>, <p>decrease force or speed of contraction, decrease hr by changing the rhythm produced by SA node, slowed av conduction speed</p>, <p>hydralazine</p>, <p>Minoxidil</p>, <p>Sodium nitroprusside </p>, <p>inhibit ca2+ influx into vascular smooth muscle</p>, <p>captopril, enalapril</p>, <p>losartan, candesartan</p>, <p>aliskiren </p>, <p>reduce renin secretion</p>, <p>preeclampsia syndrome </p> flashcards
CH. 31 Disorders of BP regulation

CH. 31 Disorders of BP regulation

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  • d

    Baroreceptors are located _________.

    a) aorta

    b) ventricles

    c) femoral artery

    d) carotid arteries

  • c

    This BP regulation mechanism is responsible for changing heart rate, contraction, and vascular tone.

    a) chemoreceptor

    b) neural mechanisms

    c) baroreceptors

    d) humoral mechanisms

  • efferent; atria (sa node)

    ______ nerves are present in __________ and ventricles to increase heart rate and increase peripheral resistance.

  • chemoreceptors

    ________ are located in carotid bodies at bifurcation of the two common carotid.

  • a

    Which BP regulation mechanism monitors O2, CO2, and H+?

    a) chemoreceptor

    b) neural mechanisms

    c) baroreceptors

    d) humoral mechanisms

  • change heart rate, contraction and vascular tone

    How do baroreceptors work?

  • cause widespread vasoconstriction when pressure drops

    How do chemoreceptors work?

  • causes vasoconstriction

    Short term activation of RA does what?

  • increases sodium & water reabsorption

    Long term activation of RA does what?

  • aldosterone; adrenal

    Long term RA stimulates ________ release by ______ gland; increasing sodium and water reabsorption.

  • vasopressin (adh)

    -increases water reabsorption

    -kidney is central organ

  • pressure diuresis

    water excretion

  • Pressure natriuresis

    sodium excretion

  • Primary (essential) hypertension

    -family history associated with this disease

    -more prevalent in african americans

    -no cause can be identified

  • Secondary hypertension

    -kidney disease that increases salt and water retention and decreases in renal blood flow; activates renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

  • causes of secondary hypertension

    kidney disease, adrenal cortical disorders, pheochromocytoma, aortic coarctation, oral contraceptives

  • diuretics

    lower bp by depleting Na+ to reduce blood volume (SV)

  • sympathoplegics

    lowers BP by decreasing HR and/or PR

  • direct vasodilators

    relax vascular smooth muscle tone allowing for dilation of resistance vessels and increased capacitance (PR).

  • Angiotensin blockers

    dampen impact of angiotensin II to reduce PR and to some extent decrease blood volume .

  • 10-15 mmHg

    Diuretics lower blood pressure by ______.

  • thiazides, loop diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics

    Diuretic drugs?

  • methyldopa, clonidine

    Centrally acting sympathoplegics

  • propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol

    B-adrenoreceptor antagonists

  • methyldopa

    replaces epinephrine or norepinephrine as neutrotransmitter

  • clonidine

    inhibits norepinephrine release; reduces sympathetic tone and increases parasympathetic tone in the vasomotor center

  • B1-adrenergic

    _________ receptors are located primarily in the heart

  • B2-adrenergic

    ___________ receptors are located in smooth muscle of the bronchioles, arterioles, and visceral organs

  • metoprolol, atenolol

    Cardioselective B-adrenoreceptor blocking agent

  • propranolol

    Nonselective B-adrenoreceptor blocking agent

  • decrease force or speed of contraction, decrease hr by changing the rhythm produced by SA node, slowed av conduction speed

    Adrenoreceptor antagonists MOA?

  • hydralazine

    interferes with calcium metabolism and movement across membranes and decreases arteriole (not venous) contraction.

  • Minoxidil

    opens K+ channels on smooth muscles to stabilize (decrease) resting membrane potential and contraction

  • Sodium nitroprusside

    vasodilates arterial and venous vessels

    -activates guanlyl cyclase, more cGMP----> vasodilation

    -increase in release of nitric oxide

  • inhibit ca2+ influx into vascular smooth muscle

    calcium channel blockers moa?

  • captopril, enalapril

    ACE inhibitors?

  • losartan, candesartan

    ARBs (inhibition of AngII binding to receptors)

  • aliskiren

    antagonists for renin?

  • reduce renin secretion

    beta blockers do what?

  • preeclampsia syndrome

    new onset of hypertension with proteinuria after 20 weeks of pregnancy; caused by increased RAS, catecholamines, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome