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How did Lincoln handle Fort Sumter?He didn't send troops, he made the South decide whether to attack or not.
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Who was the first state to secede and when? What was their secession document called?South Carolina; December 20, 1860; Ordinance of Secession
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What six states seceded after the first?Texas, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisianna
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When did the Civil War begin and where?Fort Sumter, off the coast of South Carolina; South Carolina attacked on April 12, 1861
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What was the result of Fort Sumter?Four other states seceded: Tennessee, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Virginia; the war started
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How did Lincoln abuse his executive power?Calling for 75,000 troops to put down the "insurrection" in the South, authorizing spending for the war, and suspending the privilege of Habeus Corpus
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What is Habeus Corpus?The right for people to know what they are getting arrested for, and getting a fair trial
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Who was the Southern President, and where was the capital?Jefferson Davis, Richmond
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Who were the border states, and how were they handled?West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Missouri, and Kentucky. Maryland was put into martial law to keep it. Missouri had internal conflict. Delaware, West Virginia both wanted to be Union. Kentucky was neutral, and did nothing, but both sides claimed. Lincoln didn't want to emancipate slaves to alienate the border states that still had it.
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What were the Southern advantages?They were fighting a defensive war, had the most talented officers, military was already trained in gun use, shorter travel distances.
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What were Southern disadvantages?Their government was so state focused that there was little cooperation. Tiny navy. Only had Tregdar Iron Works for factory. Dependant on Europe for help. Creating country and fighting at the same time.
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What were the Northern advantages?Had 23 states, and 22 million people. Lots of economy, money, and factory. Had a nice navy.
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What were Northern disadvantages?They had tons of immigrants that didn't want to join because they thought slaves would take their jobs.
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What was Jefferson Davis like?He was very egotistical and hard to work with. He didn't get along with Lee, but he did have a lot of military experience.
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Who was the vice-president of the Confederacy?Alexander H. Stephens.
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What was the Battle of Bull Run?First big battle of the Civil War. It was a hill in Manassas, Virginia.
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Who were the leaders in the Battle of Bull Run?McDowell vs. Stonewall Jackson
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What was McDowell's strategy for the Battle of Bull Run?To rush in, own the Confeds, and then take Richmond.
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What was the outcome of the First Battle of Bull Run?Stonewall Jackson owns McDowell. McDowell retreats and gets demoted. McClellan replaces him.
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What was the Second Battle of Bull Run?Stonewall wanted to take DC. He pushes and destroys the Union (under Pope), but doesn't take DC (huge blunder).
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Who came up with the Anaconda Plan?Winfield Scott?
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What were the three points of the Anaconda Plan?Take the Mississippi, blockade Southern ports, and crush Richmond.
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What was the Peninsula Campaign?Under George McClellan after long training, he took his troops along the peninsula to take Richmond from the South. McClellan gets owned and Pope takes his spot.
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What was Antietam?It was a battle in Maryland, where Lee wants a Northern victory for Euro support. McClellan gets repromoted, and actually beats the Confederates. He doesn't pursue though, so Lincoln removes him.
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What were the Monitor and Merimac?Ironclads. The Southern Merimac owned up, but finally the North produced the Monitor, which challenged the Merrimac.
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What was the Battle of Shiloh?In Western side of the war, Grant was surprised by Johnston. Grant won though, they could not keep him from taking the Mississippi.
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Who was David Farragut?The captain of the Union navy.
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What was the Trent Affair?A British mail boat called the Trent, went to the South. John Slidell and James Mason were on it when the boat was captured by the Union. The Union keeps the boat, and Britain threatens war. Lincoln lets the boat go to keep Britain out.
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What was the Alabama?A Southern vessel, purchased from Britain, that captured tons of Union ships.
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What were the Confiscation Acts?The first said that the contraband used against the Union could be kept by them (slaves). The second said that slaves of people engaged in the fight against the Union were free, and it allowed for Africans to join the war.
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What was the Emancipation Proclamation?Lincoln said all slaves in rebellion states free. Made the war for the purpose of freeing the slaves. Didn't really do anything though.
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What was the Thirteenth Ammendment?Abolished slavery. Wasn't passed until 1865 though.
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What was the purpose of the Battle of Gettysburg?Lee wanted a victory in the North for momentum and European help.
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How did the Battle of Gettysburg turn out?Pickett's charge failed, despite thinking it would work. Tons of people died, and it turned the war in favor of the Union.
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How did the North get troops?Conscription. 20-45 males for unknown period of time; unless they had a substitute, $300, medical or moral issue, or a vital job.
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How did the South get troops?Conscription. Men between 18-35 for three years (later pushed to 45); unless vital job, provide substitute, $500, had at least 20 slaves
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What was Vicksburg?Grant seiges Vicksburg for seven weeks. On July 4 (same day as Gettysburg finishes) he takes it down. Gives control of Mississippi to Union, and cuts states off from Confederacy.
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Where did Sherman's March go?He went from Tennessee to Georgia and South Carolina.
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What were Sherman's tactics?Destroy everything! The world is destroyed after him, and tries to break down morale of the Confederacy.
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How did Lincoln get chosen for the Election of 1864?The War Democrats merged with the Republicans, and they chose Lincoln but only if he chose a War Democrat VP. Andrew Johnson.
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Who did the Democrats pick for the Election of 1864?George McClellan
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Who won the Election of 1864, and by how much?Lincoln. Own in Electoral College; closer in popular vote.
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Where did Lee surrender to Grant and when??Appomattox Court House, on April 9,1865
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Who were the Copperheads?The Democrats who opposed the war.
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What was Ex Parte Milligan (1866)?Court case. They said that people were treated unfairly in Indiana (no trial). Doing this could only be done during extreme times.
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Were draft riots common during the Civil War?Somewhat. A lot of Irish people rioted in New York.
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What was The Morrill Tariff Act (1861)?It raised tariffs to giver America moneybags, and it started the Republican idea of high tariffs.
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What was The Homestead Act (1862)?It gave 160 acres of to anyone who would farm on the Great Plains for five years.
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What was the Morrill Land Grant Act (1862)?It encouraged states to use the sale of federal land grants to maintain agricultural and technical colleges.
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What was the Pacific Railway Act (1862)?It authorized the building of a transcontinental railroad over a northern route from California.
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How did the first Native Americans reach America?Through the Berring Straight about 40,000 years ago.
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Who were some popular North American tribes?The Sious; Pawnee; Pueblo; Adena; Hopewell; Mississippian; Iroquois.
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How did the Northern tribes survive?Most were nomadic. The Iroquois were the only permanent civilization in the North.
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Who were the Inca?They were Natives in the Andes in South America. They had built a nice road system.
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Who were the Maya?They were in Central America. They made the calendar, writing system, pyramid.
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Who were Aztec?A warrior Native tribe in Mexico. They had lots of sacrifice, agriculture, and voodoo.
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What caused Europe to want to explore?Improvements in technology, religion, trade, and development of nation states. (3 G's.)
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What technology helped spur exploration?The Renaissance. Compass, gunpowder, new shipbuilding techniques, mapmaking, printing press.
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Who were the leaders of Spain after defeating the Moors?Ferdinand and Isabella.
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Why did Europe need to find a new route to China?The Ottoman Turks took Constantinople, a major route to China?
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Who was Henry the Navigator?From Portugal, he went south around Africa, and had a route to the "Indies". First explorer.
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Who was Christopher Columbus?An explorer funded by Spain to go to the New World. He finds America. He wants money and glory.
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Who was Amerigo Vespucci?The person America was named after.
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How was South America divided?The Pope gave Portugal (Brazil) and Spain the West.
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What was the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)?Moved divide line a few degrees west to establish Portugal has Brazil.
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Who was Ferdinand Magellan?First circumnavigation.
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Who was Hernan Cortés?Took the Aztecs.
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Who was Fransisco Pizzaro?Took the Incas.
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What was the encomienda system?The king of Spain gave land and Indians to Spaniards.
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What was the asiento system?The Spanish could buy slaves, but they had to pay a tax to Spain for them.
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Who was John Cabot?The first explorer for England, he went to Newfoundland.
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Who was Giovanni da Verrazano?The first French explorer. He wanted to find a passage through North America to Asia.
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Who was Samuel De Champlain?The founder of Quebec.
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Who was Henry Hudson?A Dutch hired explorer who discovered New York (Amsterdam).
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What were joint-stock companies?British people pooled their money together to support a tradiving venture.
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Why did England want to start exploring?Owned Spain, Natives were gone from the coast, population boom, religious persecution, need farm land
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What was the first attempt at settlement for England?Roanoke. It failed. Where are settlers now?
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When was Jamestown founded?1607
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Who founded Jamestown?The Virginia Company.
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What saved Jamestown?Tobacco. Didn't have much food though. John Smith led them, while John Rolfe got the tobacca with Pocahontas (sp?).
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How did Jamestown become a royal colony?Virginia Company went bankrupt.
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Who founded the Plymouth Colony?Puritans. They were pilgrims and separatists.
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What was the Mayflower Compact?Signed aboard the Mayflower, decided to make decisions by majority. One of the first constitutions in America.
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How was Massachusetts Bay founded?The Massachusetts Bay Company (Puritans) led by John Winthrop found Boston.
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What was the Great Migration?Huge movement of people from England led by John Winthrop. They went to Massachussetts Bay.
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What was the Virginia House of Burgesses?The first representative assembly in America (Virginia).
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What were corporate colonies?(Jamestown), they were operated by joint-stock companies.
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What were royal colonies?(Virginia after 1624) They were under the direct rule of the king.
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What were proprietary colonies?(Maryland, Pennsylvania) individuals given a charter by the king
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What were the Chesapeake Colonies?Maryland and Virginia.
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Who ruled over Maryland?Lord Baltimore, he died and then gave it to his son, Cecil Calvert.
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What was the Act of Toleration?In Maryland, it allowed all Christian freedom.
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What economic problems did Virginia face?Tobacco prices fluctuated too much.
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What was Bacon's Rebellion?Nathaniel Bacon, and other West Virginians didn't like how William Berkeley was running it. Too many native attacks. They attacked Berkeley with some success, then Bacon died.
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What were the effects of Bacon's Rebellion?Showed the sharp class differences. Example of colonial resistance to royal control.
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What was an indentured servant?A master pays a persons passage to America, then they work for a certain amount of time.
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What was the headright system?Virginia gave 50 acres of land to anyone who came to Virginia, or anyone who paid for another's passage.
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Who was Roger Williams?He wants the Church and State separate. He aggravates John Winthrop, and goes to Rhode Island where he starts Providence. He's actually nice to the Natives, and allows religious toleration.
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Who was Anne Hutchinson?She got kicked out by Winthrop for following antinomianism. She founded Portsmouth, which later joined with Providence to form Rhode Island.
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What was antinomianism?The idea that faith alone could save someone.
