earloracion15-
endocrine
consists of glands that secretes and produce hormones
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Hormones
chemical substances that are produced by endocrine glands that are
carried by the circulation to
the target organs.
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by blood vessels
how does hormones circulate throughout the body
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Humoral stimulus
hormones released caused by altered levels of certain critical ions or nutrients
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Neural stimulus
hormones released caused by neural inputs
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Hormonal stimulus
hormoes released by another hormone or a tropic hormone
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Neuroendocrine hormones
by endocrine glands that are
carried by the circulation to
the target organs.
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Paracrine hormones
act on neighboring cells without entering the bloodstream
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Autocrine hormones
act on the same cell that produced them
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Pituitary glands, thymus, gonads, pineal gland, pancreas, adrenal gland, parathyroid glands, thyroid glands
major endocrine glands
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Pineal gland
a small pinecone-shaped
gland that lies on the roof of the
diencephalon
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Pineal gland
known as the ‘third eye” as it
responds to light and day
length
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Pineal gland
secretes melatonin
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Melatonin
a hormone that regulates
circadian rhythms
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Somatotropin (STH/GH)
a hormone that stimulates growth
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Thyrotropin (TSH)
a hormone that stimulates thyroid gland
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adrenocorticortropin
a hormone that stimulates adrenal cortex
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Gonadotropins
FSH and LH are this hormone
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Follicle stimulating hormone
stimulates ovarian follicles
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Luteinizing hormone
a hormone that stimulates ovulation in females
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Prolactin
Initiate milk secretion; maternal behavior
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Melanocyte stimulating hormone
a hormone that regulates pigment cells called melanin
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Oxytocin
Stimulates uterine contraction and causes milk
let-down
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Antidiuretic
Regulates water balance in the body by acting on the kidneys to conserve water and decrease urine output.
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Thyroxine
a hormone that ccelerates metabolic
rate
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Calcitonin
a hromone that regulates calcium metabolism
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hypothyroidism
lack of thyroid hormones
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Tyrosine, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Reverse T3
thyroid hormones
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hyperthyroidism
excess thyroid hormone
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Parathyroid gland
main function is to regulate the
body’s calcium levels
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Parathormone
A hormone that Regulates metabolism of Ca and P and bone remodeling
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Pancreas
contains clumps of pale-staining cells
scattered among its alveoli and ducts
called islets of Langerhans.
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Insulin
hormone that regulates
carbohydrate metabolism and prevents diabetes
mellitus
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Glucagon
Increases blood
sugar (anti-insulin)
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Islet of langerhans
alveoli and ducts in the Pancreas
