endocrine
consists of glands that secretes and produce hormones
Hormones
chemical substances that are produced by endocrine glands that are
carried by the circulation to
the target organs.
by blood vessels
how does hormones circulate throughout the body
Humoral stimulus
hormones released caused by altered levels of certain critical ions or nutrients
Neural stimulus
hormones released caused by neural inputs
Hormonal stimulus
hormoes released by another hormone or a tropic hormone
Neuroendocrine hormones
by endocrine glands that are
carried by the circulation to
the target organs.
Paracrine hormones
act on neighboring cells without entering the bloodstream
Autocrine hormones
act on the same cell that produced them
Pituitary glands, thymus, gonads, pineal gland, pancreas, adrenal gland, parathyroid glands, thyroid glands
major endocrine glands
Pineal gland
a small pinecone-shaped
gland that lies on the roof of the
diencephalon
Pineal gland
known as the ‘third eye” as it
responds to light and day
length
Pineal gland
secretes melatonin
Melatonin
a hormone that regulates
circadian rhythms
Somatotropin (STH/GH)
a hormone that stimulates growth
Thyrotropin (TSH)
a hormone that stimulates thyroid gland
adrenocorticortropin
a hormone that stimulates adrenal cortex
Gonadotropins
FSH and LH are this hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone
stimulates ovarian follicles
Luteinizing hormone
a hormone that stimulates ovulation in females
Prolactin
Initiate milk secretion; maternal behavior
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
a hormone that regulates pigment cells called melanin
Oxytocin
Stimulates uterine contraction and causes milk
let-down
Antidiuretic
Regulates water balance in the body by acting on the kidneys to conserve water and decrease urine output.
Thyroxine
a hormone that ccelerates metabolic
rate
Calcitonin
a hromone that regulates calcium metabolism
hypothyroidism
lack of thyroid hormones
Tyrosine, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Reverse T3
thyroid hormones
hyperthyroidism
excess thyroid hormone
Parathyroid gland
main function is to regulate the
body’s calcium levels
Parathormone
A hormone that Regulates metabolism of Ca and P and bone remodeling
Pancreas
contains clumps of pale-staining cells
scattered among its alveoli and ducts
called islets of Langerhans.
Insulin
hormone that regulates
carbohydrate metabolism and prevents diabetes
mellitus
Glucagon
Increases blood
sugar (anti-insulin)
Islet of langerhans
alveoli and ducts in the Pancreas