✶Kidney stones can form anywhere within the urinary tract, including the kidney, ureter, or bladder.

✶Symptoms may include dysuria (painful urination), hematuria (blood in the urine), loin pain or back pain, reduced urine flow, and urinary tract obstruction.

✶Urinary tract obstruction caused by kidney stones can lead to considerable pain, known as renal colic, with pressures reaching up to 50 mmHg.

✶As the stone approaches the tip of the urethra, intense pain can inhibit micturition, a condition known as strangury.

Review: Micturition (Physiology)