Polarity
water is a polar molecule with one oxygen atom negatively charged and two hydrogen atoms positively charged.
Universal solvent
Water - due to its polarity and ability to dissolve other polar molecules
Hydrogen bonds
The weak intermolecular bonds that form between the hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of another water molecule.
Solvent
Does the dissolving
Solute
Substance being dissolved
Solution
Solvent +Solute=Solution
density
the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance (The density of water is 1.0 g/cm3)
Polar Molecule
a molecule in which one side of the molecule is slightly negative and the opposite side is slightly positive
Buffer
A solution that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution. Proteins and Amino acids are intracellular fluid buffers. Carbonic acid/bicarbonate is an extracellular buffer. Hemoglobin / Oxyhemoglobin is an RBC buffer.
Cohesion
Attraction between molecules of the same substance
Adhesion
An attraction between molecules of different substances (water and another substance)
capillary action
tendency of water to rise in a thin tube against the force of gravity, and due of the cohesion and adhesion forces of attraction.
Surface Tension
An invisible film at the surface of water that allows objects to walk. This is caused by the cohesive forces.
high specific heat
Water can absorb or release a tremendous amount of energy with little change in actual temperature. The ability of water to resist changes in temperature. 1 gram of water will need to absorb 4.18 Joules (amount of heat) in order to increase its temperature by 1 degree Celsius.
Acid
any compound that forms hydrogen (H+) ions in solution
Base
a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution
pH scale
scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of 7 to 14 is basic
Hydrophilic
A substance that likes water. Having an affinity (love) for water; usually polar molecules.
Hydrophobic
A substance that water hates water (it is repealed by water); usually non-polar molecules, like oil.
Homeostasis
the process of maintaining the body chemical and thermal components in equilibrium. What hormone is responsible with maintaining the water homeostasis in human's body?
Liquid form of water
water
Gas form of water
water vapor or steam
Expansion upon freezing
hydrogen bonds in ice are more "ordered and spaced out" making ice larger and LESS DENSE