Flashcards: Vertebrate toxins

Snake venom is highly modified saliva containing zootoxins which facilitates the immobilization and digestion of prey, and defends against threats.

Bufotenin (5-HO-DMT, N,N-dimethylserotonin, bufotenine) is a tryptamine related to the neurotransmitter serotonin.

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin.

Batrachotoxin (BTX) is an extremely potent cardiotoxic and neurotoxic steroidal alkaloid found in certain species of frogs (poison dart frog), melyrid beetles, and birds (the pitohui, blue-capped ifrit, and little shrikethrush).

Bufothionine is a sulfur-containing compound which is present in the bufotoxins secreted by the parotoid gland of certain toads of the genera Bufo and Chaunus.

Epibatidine is an alkaloid that is secreted by the Ecuadoran frog Epipedobates anthonyi.

Pahutoxin, formerly called ostracitoxin, is a neurotoxin present in the mucous secretions of boxfish (Ostraciidae) skin, while under stress.

Dermaseptins are a family of peptides isolated from skin of the Phyllomedusa genus of frogs.

Marinobufagenin (marinobufagin) is a cardiotonic bufadienolide steroid secreted by the toad Bufo rubescens and other related species such as Bufo marinus.

Arenobufagin is a cardiotoxic bufanolide steroid secreted by the Argentine toad Bufo arenarum.

Myotoxins are small, basic peptides found in snake venoms, (e.g. rattlesnakes), and lizard venoms (e.g. mexican beaded lizard).

Bufotenidine, also known as 5-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptammonium (5-HTQ), is a toxin related to bufotenin, serotonin, and other tryptamines which is found in the venom of a variety of toads.

Cinobufagin is a cardiotoxic bufanolide steroid secreted by the Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans.

Bufotalin is a cardiotoxic bufanolide steroid, cardiac glycoside analogue, secreted by a number of toad species.

Allopumiliotoxin 267A is a toxin found in the skin of several poison frogs of the family Dendrobates.

Pumiliotoxin 251D is a toxic organic compound.