monomer of carbohydrates
monosaccharides
polymer of carbohydrates
polysaccharides
monomer of lipids
fatty acids
polymer of lipids
triglycerides
monomer of proteins
amino acids
polymer of proteins
polypeptides
monomer of nucleic acids
nucleotides
polymer of nucleic acids
nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
major function of carbs
short-term energy storage
major function of lipids
long-term energy storage
major functions of proteins
1. Enzymes
2. Hormones
3. Bones and muscles (eg collagen)
4. Transport substances (eg hemoglobins)
5. Antibodies
6. Movement (eg contractile proteins)
major function of nucleic acids
informational molecules (genetic info, instructions for making proteins)
example of a carbohydrate
sugars
example of a lipid
steroids
example of a protein
meats
example of a nucleic acid
DNA/RNA
relative energy storage of carbohydrates
4 cal/gram
relative energy storage of lipids
9 cal/gram
relative energy storage of proteins
4 cal/gram
relative energy storage of nucleic acids
0 cal/gram
order of body's consumption of macromolecules
1. carbs: go-to energy source
2. lipids: after carbs run out
3. proteins: last resort, unhealthy to use for energy
how do phospholipids' structure give the membrane a unique property
the membranes are selectively permeable; the water loving head stays on the outside, and the water hating tails stay inside and away from water.
what makes proteins the most diverse macromolecule?
structure and function
which macromolecule is not obtained from our food and where do we get it from?
nucleic acids, we get them from our parents.
macromolecules
large organic molecules that make up living things
monomer
polymer
monosaccharide
sincle sugar molecules
polysaccharide
larger sugar molecules