Flashcards: Tumor markers

A tumor marker is a biomarker found in blood, urine, or body tissues that can be elevated by the presence of one or more types of cancer.

Ferritin is a universal intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion.

Gastrin is a peptide hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach and aids in gastric motility.

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the placenta after implantation.

D-lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.28, lactic acid dehydrogenase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, D-specific lactic dehydrogenase, D-(-)-lactate dehydrogenase (NAD+), D-lactic acid dehydrogenase, D-lactic dehydrogenase) is an enzyme with systematic name (R)-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase.

Sialic acid is a generic term for the N- or O-substituted derivatives of neuraminic acid, a monosaccharide with a nine-carbon backbone.

Hyaluronic acid (HA; conjugate base hyaluronate), also called hyaluronan, is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues.

Leucyl aminopeptidases (EC 3.4.11.1, leucine aminopeptidase, LAPs, leucyl peptidase, peptidase S, cytosol aminopeptidase, cathepsin III, L-leucine aminopeptidase, leucinaminopeptidase, leucinamide aminopeptidase, FTBL proteins, proteinates FTBL, aminopeptidase II, aminopeptidase III, aminopeptidase I) are enzymes that preferentially catalyze the hydrolysis of leucine residues at the N-terminus of peptides and proteins.

BRCA2 and BRCA2 (/ˌbrækəˈtuː/) are a human gene and its protein product, respectively.

(Not to be confused with Thyroxine-binding globulin, a carrier protein responsible for carrying the thyroid hormones in the blood.) Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a 660 kDa, dimeric protein produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid and used entirely within the thyroid gland.

Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), alternatively known as phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) or phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPI gene on chromosome 19.

In enzymology, an alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, also known as AMACR, is an enzyme that catalyzes the following chemical reaction: (2R)-2-methylacyl-CoA (2S)-2-methylacyl-CoA In mammalian cells, the enzyme is responsible for converting (2R)-methylacyl-CoA esters to their (2S)-methylacyl-CoA epimers and known substrates, including coenzyme A esters of pristanic acid (mostly derived from phytanic acid, a 3-methyl branched-chain fatty acid that is abundant in the diet) and bile acids derived from cholesterol.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells (animals, plants, and prokaryotes).

Lipotropin is a hormone produced by the cleavage of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC).

Normetanephrine is a metabolite of norepinephrine created by action of catechol-O-methyl transferase on norepinephrine.