Flashcards: Transmembrane proteins

Integrins are transmembrane receptors that are the bridges for cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions.

Cadherins (named for "calcium-dependent adhesion") are a class of type-1 transmembrane proteins.

Syntaxins are a family of membrane integrated Q-SNARE proteins participating in exocytosis.

A glycophorin is a sialoglycoprotein of the membrane of a red blood cell.

The coenzyme Q : cytochrome c — oxidoreductase, sometimes called the cytochrome bc1 complex, and at other times complex III, is the third complex in the electron transport chain (EC 1.10.2.2), playing a critical role in biochemical generation of ATP (oxidative phosphorylation).

Major intrinsic proteins comprise a large superfamily of transmembrane protein channels that are grouped together on the basis of homology.

Chloride channels are a superfamily of poorly understood ion channels specific for chloride.

Cation diffusion facilitators (CDFs) are integral membrane proteins that increase tolerance to divalent metal ions such as cadmium, zinc, and cobalt.

The Formate-Nitrite Transporter (FNT) Family (TC# 1.A.16) is a family of homologous transmembrane proteins belonging to the Major Intrinsic Protein (MIP) Superfamily.

Members of the Small Conductance Mechanosensitive Ion Channel (MscS) Family (TC# 1.A.23) provide protection against hypo-osmotic shock in bacteria, responding both to stretching of the cell membrane and to membrane depolarization.

The Nucleobase:Cation Symporter-2 (NCS2) Family, also called the Nucleobase/Ascorbate Transporter (NAT) Family, consists of over 1000 sequenced proteins derived from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, archaea, fungi, plants and animals.

Two types of inorganic diphosphatase, very different in terms of both amino acid sequence and structure, have been characterised to date: soluble and transmembrane proton-pumping pyrophosphatases (sPPases and H(+)-PPases, respectively).

Fumarate reductase is the enzyme that converts fumarate to succinate, and is important in microbial metabolism as a part of anaerobic respiration.

The light-harvesting complex (or antenna complex) is an array of protein and chlorophyll molecules embedded in the thylakoid membrane of plants, which transfer light energy to one chlorophyll a molecule at the reaction center of a photosystem.

Bacterial antenna complex proteins are the main light-absorbing components in photosynthetic bacteria.

Photosystem II light-harvesting proteins are the intrinsic transmembrane proteins CP43 (PsbC) and CP47 (PsbB) occurring in the reaction centre of photosystem II.

In enzymology, an oligosaccharide-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.18) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + H2O + oligosaccharideout ADP + phosphate + oligosaccharidein The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, H2O, and oligosaccharide, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and oligosaccharide.

Photosynthetic reaction centre proteins are main protein components of photosynthetic reaction centres of bacteria and plants.

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In molecular biology, a phage major coat protein is an alpha-helical protein that forms a viral envelope of filamentous bacteriophages.

Cytochrome C1 (also known as Complex III subunit 4) is a protein encoded by the CYC1 gene.

Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is a highly conserved evolutionarily ancient enzyme with remarkably diverse functions in eukaryotic organisms.

The Matrix-2 (M2) protein is a proton-selective ion channel protein, integral in the viral envelope of the influenza A virus.

The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is a class of membrane transport proteins that facilitate movement of small solutes across cell membranes in response to chemiosmotic gradients.

An organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) is a membrane transport protein or 'transporter' that mediates the transport of mainly organic anions across the cell membrane.

Pilin refers to a class of fibrous proteins that are found in pilus structures in bacteria.

Transmembrane cation channel superfamily was defined in InterPro and Pfam as the family of tetrameric ion channels.

ATPase, subunit C of F0/V0 complex is the main transmembrane subunit of V-type, A-type and F-type ATP synthases.

FXYD6 (pronounced fix-id six), or FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 6, is a gene which is located at the 11q23.

Cytochrome b is a protein found in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.

The Polycystin Cation Channel (PCC) Family (TC# 1.A.5) consists of several transporters ranging in size from 500 to over 4000 amino acyl residues (aas) in length and exhibiting between 5 and 18 transmembrane segments (TMSs).

The K+ Transporter (Trk) Family is a member of the voltage-gated ion channel (VIC) superfamily.

The ryanodine-inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor Ca2+ channel (RIR-CaC) family (TC# 1.A.3) consists of several receptor proteins exhibiting 4 to 6 transmembrane segments (TMSs), although ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channel (RyR2; TC# 1.A.3.1.1), of Homo sapiens exhibits 10 TMSs.

The transient receptor potential Ca2+ channel (TRP-CC) family (TC# 1.A.4) is a member of the voltage-gated ion channel (VIC) superfamily and consists of cation channels conserved from worms to humans.

The ATP-gated P2X Receptor Cation Channel (P2X Receptor) Family (TC# 1.A.7) consists of cation-permeable ligand gated ion channels that open in response to the binding of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP).

The isoprenylcysteine o-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.100) carries out carboyxl methylation of cleaved eukaryotic proteins that terminate in a CaaX motif.

Lactose permease is a membrane protein which is a member of the major facilitator superfamily.

The Bcl-2 Family (TC# 1.A.21) consists of apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 and its homologues.

Innexins (TC# 1.A.25), or gap junction proteins, are structurally related transmembrane proteins that assemble to form invertebrate gap junctions.

The Large Conductance Mechanosensitive Ion Channel (MscL) Family (TC# 1.A.22) consists of pore-forming membrane proteins that are responsible for translating physical forces applied to cell membranes into electrophysiological activities.

Porins are beta barrel proteins that cross a cellular membrane and act as a pore through which molecules can diffuse.

The SecA protein is a cell membrane associated subunit of the eubacterial Sec or Type II secretory pathway, a system which is responsible for the secretion of proteins through the cell membrane.

MT-ATP6 (or ATP6) is a mitochondrial gene encoding the ATP synthase Fo subunit 6 (or subunit/chain A).

Bacterial rhodopsins are a family of bacterial opsins.

Disulfide bond formation protein B (DsbB) is a protein component of the pathway that leads to disulfide bond formation in periplasmic proteins of Escherichia coli and other bacteria.

Members of the Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (NSS) family (TC# 2.A.22) catalyze uptake of a variety of neurotransmitters, amino acids, osmolytes and related nitrogenous substances by a solute:Na+ symport mechanism.

K+ channel tetramerisation domain is the N-terminal, cytoplasmic tetramerisation domain (T1) of voltage-gated K+ channels.

The SecY protein is the main transmembrane subunit of the eubacterial Sec or Type II secretory pathway and a protein-secreting ATPase complex, also known as a translocon.

ABC transporter transmembrane domain is the main transmembrane structural unit of ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins, consisting of six alpha helix transmembrane domains which traverse the plasma membrane.

Sulfatases EC 3.1.

Some ATPases work in reverse, using the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP to create a proton gradient.

Gamma subunit of ATP synthase F1 complex forms the central shaft that connects the F0 rotary motor to the F1 catalytic core.

In the field of enzymology, the proton-ATPase (EC 3.6.3.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the following chemical reaction: ATP + H2O + H+in ADP + phosphate + H+out The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, H2O, and H+, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and H+.

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2, also known as cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide II, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MT-CO2 gene.

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MT-CO3 gene.

The Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (APC) Family (TC# 2.A.3) of transport proteins includes members that function as solute:cation symporters and solute:solute antiporters.

Members of the Alanine or Glycine:Cation Symporter (AGCS) Family (TC# 2.A.25) transport alanine and/or glycine in symport with Na+ and or H+.

Ca2+ ATPase is a form of P-ATPase that transfers calcium after a muscle has contracted.

Proteins of the Betaine/Carnitine/Choline Transporter (BCCT) family (TC# 2.A.15) are found in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and archaea.

Myelin proteolipid protein (PLP or lipophilin) is the major myelin protein from the central nervous system (CNS).

The Nucleobase:Cation Symporter-1 (NCS1) Family (TC# 2.A.39) consists of over 1000 currently sequenced proteins derived from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, archaea, fungi and plants.

Members of the Solute:Sodium Symporter (SSS) Family (TC# 2.A.21) catalyze solute:Na+ symport.

The Calcium-Dependent Chloride Channel (Ca-ClC) Family (TC# 1.A.17) consists of eukaryotic proteins that are required for normal electrolyte and fluid secretion, olfactory perception, and neuronal and smooth muscle excitability in animals.

The Membrane Attack Complex/Perforin (MACPF) superfamily, sometimes referred to as the MACPF/CDC superfamily, is named after a domain that is common to the membrane attack complex (MAC) proteins of the complement system (C6, C7, C8α, C8β and C9) and perforin (PF).

Tryptophan-rich sensory proteins (TspO) are a family of proteins that are involved in transmembrane signalling.

The translocase of the inner membrane (TIM) is a complex of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane of the mitochondria.

In molecular biology, the protein family Dispanin is another name for Interferon-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM).

Na+/H+ antiporter A (NhaA) family (TC# 2.A.33) contains a number of bacterial sodium-proton antiporter (SPAP) proteins.

The Nicotinamide Ribonucleoside (NR) Uptake Permease (PnuC) Family (TC# 4.B.1) is a family of transmembrane transporters that is part of the TOG superfamily.

The p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transporter (AbgT) family (TC# 2.A.68) is a family of transporter proteins belonging to the ion transporter (IT) superfamily.

Sodium/proton antiporters are essential secondary-active transporters for sodium and pH homeostasis.

The H+-translocating F420H2 Dehydrogenase (F420H2DH) Family (TC# 3.D.9) is a member of the Na+ transporting Mrp superfamily.