b
Conduction of air in and out of lungs to replace gases in alveoli.
a) external respiration
b) pulmonary ventilation
c) internal respiration
d) cellular respiration
e) respiratory gas transport
a
Gas exchange between blood and air at the alveoli.
a) external respiration
b) pulmonary ventilation
c) internal respiration
d) cellular respiration
e) respiratory gas transport
c
Gas exchange at systemic capillaries.
a) external respiration
b) pulmonary ventilation
c) internal respiration
d) cellular respiration
e) respiratory gas transport
e
Blood transporting gases between lungs and cells.
a) external respiration
b) pulmonary ventilation
c) internal respiration
d) cellular respiration
e) respiratory gas transport
lungs, alveoli
Which organs of the respiratory system are considered part of the Lower system? (2)
increase in volume
Increase in chamber size =
b
Increase in volume.
a) increase in pressure + positive
b) decrease in pressure + negative
c) increase in pressure + negative
d) decrease in pressure + positive
surfactant
-decreases surface tension at air-epithelial interface allowing for easier
breathing.
b
Cuboidal cells.
a) type I pneumocytes
b) type II pneumocytes
a
Simple squamous epithelium.
a) type I pneumocytes
b) type II pneumocytes
b
Secrete surfactant.
a) type I pneumocytes
b) type II pneumocytes
equalization of air pressure; alternate routes for air around collapsed alveoli
Pores of Kohn allow for ___________ & ___________.
vagus
What is the main nerve involved in the respiratory system?
number of gas molecules
Total pressure exerted by a gas is related to _________.
f; all exert their own
Each gas exerts the same partial pressure. T/F?
b
Outer layer covering internal surface of thoracic wall.
a) visceral pleura
b) parietal pleura
c) pleural cavity
a
Covers the external lung surface.
a) visceral pleura
b) parietal pleura
c) pleural cavity
c
Filled with fluid to reduce friction.
a) visceral pleura
b) parietal pleura
c) pleural cavity
Pneumothorax
-severe SOB because of loss of the alveoli as an efficient gas exchange surface
direct change in flow; bronchoconstriction/dilation
Increase/decrease in tube radius =
inverse change in flow; cross-sectional area
Increase/decrease in tube length =
c
The pressure within the fluid of the pleural cavity.
a) intrapulmonic pressure
b) transpulmonary pressure
c) intrapleural pressure
a
The pressure within the lungs (alveoli).
a) intrapulmonic pressure
b) transpulmonary pressure
c) intrapleural pressure
between breaths
When is the pressure in the lungs equal to atmospheric pressure?
b
Small pressure that prevents small airways & alveoli from collapsing on
themselves.
a) intrapulmonic pressure
b) transpulmonary pressure
c) intrapleural pressure
c
Volume that can be inspired beyond a restful inspiration.
a) tidal volume
b) residual volume
c) inspiratory reserve volume
d) expiratory reserve volume
a
Volume of a single breath, usually at rest.
a) tidal volume
b) residual volume
c) inspiratory reserve volume
d) expiratory reserve volume
d
Volume which can be expired beyond a restful expiration.
a) tidal volume
b) residual volume
c) inspiratory reserve volume
d) expiratory reserve volume
b
The volume that keeps alveoli inflated.
a) tidal volume
b) residual volume
c) inspiratory reserve volume
d) expiratory reserve volume
IRV + TV + ERV
Vital capacity formula?
2 alpha & 2 beta chains each bound to 1 heme group
Hemoglobin composition?
4
How many molecules of oxygen can hemoglobin molecules transport?
decrease in O2 affinity
Right shift =
increase in O2 affinity
Left shift=