inner membrane
Anesthetics bind to the ___________.
prevent channel opening/depolarization of the membrane and block conduction of AP
Anesthetics MOA?
those with high AP rate
Which kind of neurons have the greatest efficacy when treated with anesthetics?
open/inactivated Na+ channels
What kind of channels do anesthetics act on?
d
Local anesthetics are ______.
a) strong acids
b) strong bases
c) weak acids
d) weak bases
false; charged (hydrophilic)
Anesthetics exist in an uncharged form. T/F?
sodium bicarbonate; increases uncharged form
What do we co-administer with anesthetics to improve penetration into the cell?
Uncharged; charged
________ form of anesthetics are required to cross the cell membrane while ________ form is required to take effect.
7.5-9
What is the pKa of most anesthetics?
neurotoxicity, myocardial depression/hypotension
What are AE's of anesthetics? (2)
sleepiness, light-headedness, visual/auditory disturbances, restlessness
What are the Neurotoxic AE's of anesthetics? (4)
tongue numbness, metallic taste
What are the early signs of neurotoxicity? (2)
depress pacemaker activity, excitability, and conduction in the heart through blockage of cardiac na+ channels
How do anesthetics cause CV effects? (3)
given locally to decrease rate of systemic absorption and increase effect in desired area
What is the role of Epinephrine in anesthesia administration? (2)
cocaine, procaine, tetracaine, benzocaine
What are the Ester-Type anesthetics? (4)
lidocaine, mepivacaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine, articaine
What are the Amide-Type anesthetics? (5)
b
Which is used in ear, nose, and throat procedures?
a) procaine
b) cocaine
c) benzocaine
d) tetracaine
d
Which is used for spinal anesthesia?
a) procaine
b) cocaine
c) benzocaine
d) tetracaine
a
Which is used primarily for oral surgery?
a) procaine
b) cocaine
c) benzocaine
d) tetracaine
b
Which is used to cause rapid vasoconstriction to stop bleeding?
a) procaine
b) cocaine
c) benzocaine
d) tetracaine
c
Which is topical?
a) procaine
b) cocaine
c) benzocaine
d) tetracaine
c
Which is too hydrophobic?
a) procaine
b) cocaine
c) benzocaine
d) tetracaine
d
Which has toxicity concerns and can't be used for higher-volume
peripheral blocks?
a) procaine
b) cocaine
c) benzocaine
d) tetracaine
a
Which is used for dental anesthesia?
a) articaine
b) bupivacaine
c) levobupivacaine
d) ropivacaine
e) lidocaine
f) mepivacaine
f
Which is used for peripheral/central nerve block procedures?
a) articaine
b) bupivacaine
c) levobupivacaine
d) ropivacaine
e) lidocaine
f) mepivacaine
b,e
Which are used for local/regional anesthetic procedures?
a) articaine
b) bupivacaine
c) levobupivacaine
d) ropivacaine
e) lidocaine
f) mepivacaine
b
Which has cardiotoxicity?
a) articaine
b) bupivacaine
c) levobupivacaine
d) ropivacaine
e) lidocaine
f) mepivacaine
d,e
Which is used as epidurals?
a) articaine
b) bupivacaine
c) levobupivacaine
d) ropivacaine
e) lidocaine
f) mepivacaine
d
Which is used for post-operative pain?
a) articaine
b) bupivacaine
c) levobupivacaine
d) ropivacaine
e) lidocaine
f) mepivacaine
standard anesthetic, intermediate duration, anti-arrhythmic
What are the characteristics of Lidocaine? (3)