increased potassium intake, decreased excretion, tubular unresponsiveness to aldosterone, redistribution of potassium into ECF
What is the etiology of hyperkalemia? (4)
patients on dialysis or CKD;
What kind of patients can have an increased dietary intake of potassium?
sickle cell, lupus, amyloidosis
Which diseases can cause tubular unresponsiveness to aldosterone? (3)
metabolic acidosis, CKD, D2M
Which diseases can cause potassium to be redistributed into the ECF? (3)
ACEi/ARBs, MRAs, K+ sparing diuretics, NSAIDs, aliskiren
Which medications can cause hyperkalemia? (5)
potassium binding resins to increase K+ elimination
How do we treat hyperkalemia?
sodium polystyrene sulfonate, patiromer, sodium zirconium cyclosilicate
What are the potassium binders? (3)
exchange Na+ or Ca+ for K+ to increase fecal K+ elimination
K+ binders MOA?
constipation, edema
What are AE's of K+ binders? (2)
Patiromer; also binds Mg2+
Which potassium binder has the highest risk of constipation? Why?
patients with GI issues
Which patients do we avoid K+ binders in?