unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, inhibition of autonomic reflexes, skeletal muscle relaxation
What are the desired effects of General Anesthetics? (5)
should induce rapid smooth loss of consciousness, rapidly reversible, wide margin of safety
What are the characteristics of an ideal anesthetic drug? (3)
inhaled + IV drugs
Balanced Anesthesia =
increase inhibition through GABA; decrease excitation
What is the MOA of General Anesthetics?
decreased BP, reduced RR, hypothermia, N/V
What are the negative effects of general anesthesia? (4)
-ane suffix
What are the volatile GA?
nitrous oxide
What is the gaseous GA?
propofol, fospropofol, etomidate, ketamine
What are the PO/IV GA? (4)
methohexital
What is the Barbituate?
Midazolam, Dexmedetomidine
What are the Benzodiazepines? (2)
IV
______ drugs are preferred for induction.
GABA A agonism
MOA of Inhaled Anesthetics?
c
Which are used for GA induction and maintenance of surgical
procedures?
a) benzodiazepines
b) barbituates
c) inhaled anesthetics
d) IV anesthetics
b
Which inhaled anesthetic can cause fulminant hepatic necrosis?
a) Enflurane
b) Halothane
c) Nitrous oxide
b
Which inhaled anesthetic can cause malignant hyperthermia when
combined with succinylcholine?
a) Enflurane
b) Halothane
c) Nitrous oxide
a
Which inhaled anesthetic can cause nephrotoxicity?
a) Enflurane
b) Halothane
c) Nitrous oxide
a
Which inhaled anesthetic can cause seizures?
a) Enflurane
b) Halothane
c) Nitrous oxide
fast; acidosis; muscle contraction
Dantrolene requires ______ administration to control _______ and _______ when treating malignant hyperthermia.
GABA A positive allosteric modulation
Propofol MOA?
anti-emetic, injection site pain, narrow TI
What are the notable features of Propofol? (3)
b
Which has a fast recovery and no hangover due to high plasma
clearance?
a) Fospropofol
b) Propofol
c) Etomidate
d) Ketamine
b
Which has the biggest decrease in systemic BP?
a) Fospropofol
b) Propofol
c) Etomidate
d) Ketamine
hypnotic; analgesic
Propofol is a ______, but NOT an _______.
b
Which is given with Lidocaine for injection site pain?
a) Fospropofol
b) Propofol
c) Etomidate
d) Ketamine
a
Which is a water-soluble prodrug?
a) Fospropofol
b) Propofol
c) Etomidate
d) Ketamine
a
Which has NO injection site pain?
a) Fospropofol
b) Propofol
c) Etomidate
d) Ketamine
c
Which is used in patients with reduced cardiac function or respiratory reserve?
a) Fospropofol
b) Propofol
c) Etomidate
d) Ketamine
c,d
Which are used for conscious sedation?
a) Fospropofol
b) Propofol
c) Etomidate
d) Ketamine
c
Which can suppress the endocrine system?
a) Fospropofol
b) Propofol
c) Etomidate
d) Ketamine
d
Which has unpleasant emergence reactions?
a) Fospropofol
b) Propofol
c) Etomidate
d) Ketamine
d
Which has a MOA related to NMDA antagonism?
a) Fospropofol
b) Propofol
c) Etomidate
d) Ketamine
d
Which provides analgesia?
a) Fospropofol
b) Propofol
c) Etomidate
d) Ketamine
b
Which is used for induction?
a) midazolam
b) methohexital
c) dexmedetomidine
b
Which causes the most CNS depression?
a) midazolam
b) methohexital
c) dexmedetomidine
a,c
Which are used as anxiolytics?
a) midazolam
b) methohexital
c) dexmedetomidine
flumazenil
How do we reverse Midazolam?
c
Which is an A2 agonist?
a) midazolam
b) methohexital
c) dexmedetomidine
prolong sedation in hospitalized patients, emergence delirium/agitation, sedation/GA
What are the main clinical applications of Dexmedetomidine? (3)
opioid; benzo
Adding an A2 agonist to a sedation regimen can greatly reduce _____ & _____ requirements.