a
Change the slope of phase 0.
a) Na+ channel blocker
b) B-Blocker
c) K+ channel blocker
d) Ca++ channel blocker
b
Decrease heart rate and conduction velocity.
a) Na+ channel blocker
b) B-Blocker
c) K+ channel blocker
d) Ca++ channel blocker
c
Increase action potential duration & ERP.
a) Na+ channel blocker
b) B-Blocker
c) K+ channel blocker
d) Ca++ channel blocker
c
Delay repolarization.
a) Na+ channel blocker
b) B-Blocker
c) K+ channel blocker
d) Ca++ channel blocker
d
Slow the rate of rise in phase 4.
a) Na+ channel blocker
b) B-Blocker
c) K+ channel blocker
d) Ca++ channel blocker
depolarize; repolarize
Cardiomyocytes ______ quickly but take a long time to ________.
ERP; arrhythmia
Without the ____________, contraction of cardiomyocytes occurs
chaotically leading to ________.
SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Bundle branches, Purkinje Fibers
Give the order of electrical current through the heart. (5)
right atrium
SA node is found in the _______.
purkinje fibers
________ causes ventricles to contract.
a
P wave =
a) depolarization of SA node
b) ventricular depolarization
c) ventricular repolarization
d) atrial repolarization
b
QRS complex =
a) depolarization of SA node
b) ventricular depolarization
c) ventricular repolarization
d) atrial repolarization
c
T wave =
a) depolarization of SA node
b) ventricular depolarization
c) ventricular repolarization
d) atrial repolarization
no signal from pacemaker site, development of ectopic pacemaker, development of oscillatory afterdepolarization
What are causes of irregular impulse formation? (3)
increased phase 4 slope
How can we tell there is ectopic pacemaker activity?
b
What is the cause of Delayed/Late After Depolarization (DAD)?
a) rectifier K+ current repolarization
b) Ca2+ overload
a
What is the cause of Early After Depolarization (EAD)?
a) rectifier K+ current repolarization
b) Ca2+ overload
a
Phase 3 repolarization is interrupted & membrane potential oscillates.
a) Early-After Depolarization (EAD)
b) Delayed/Late After-Depolarization (DAD)
c) impulse fractionation
d) re-entry
b
Cells receive a secondary impulse after RMP is achieved.
a) Early-After Depolarization (EAD)
b) Delayed/Late After-Depolarization (DAD)
c) impulse fractionation
d) re-entry
c
Caused by too much vagal tone; atrial stimulation & atrial fibrillation
a) Early-After Depolarization (EAD)
b) Delayed/Late After-Depolarization (DAD)
c) impulse fractionation
d) re-entry
d
Abnormal circuit from tissue damage.
a) Early-After Depolarization (EAD)
b) Delayed/Late After-Depolarization (DAD)
c) impulse fractionation
d) re-entry
torsades de pointes (TDP)
-polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
repolarization of cardiomyocytes during phases 1-3
What is the cause of Torsades De Pointes (TDP)?
long QT interval
How does Torsades De Pointes (TDP) look on the ECG?
b
a) premature atrial contraction (PAC)
b) atrial flutter
c) atrial fibrillation
d) torsades de pointes
e) ventricular fibrillation
c
a) premature atrial contraction (PAC)
b) atrial flutter
c) atrial fibrillation
d) torsades de pointes
e) ventricular fibrillation
e
a) premature atrial contraction (PAC)
b) atrial flutter
c) atrial fibrillation
d) torsades de pointes
e) ventricular fibrillation
d
a) premature atrial contraction (PAC)
b) atrial flutter
c) atrial fibrillation
d) torsades de pointes
e) ventricular fibrillation
c
Slowed conduction and prolonged P-R interval.
a) 3rd degree AV block
b) 2nd degree AV block
c) 1st degree AV block
b
Some supraventricular complexes not conducted; dropped beats.
a) 3rd degree AV block
b) 2nd degree AV block
c) 1st degree AV block
a
No supraventricular complexes.
a) 3rd degree AV block
b) 2nd degree AV block
c) 1st degree AV block
a
Ventricle generates its own impulse. Complete heart block.
a) 3rd degree AV block
b) 2nd degree AV block
c) 1st degree AV block