Which of the following exaggerated growth responses is the replacement of one tissue type by cells of another type?
metaplasia
Which of the following is the increase in the number of cells due to an abnormal growth stimulus?
hyperplasia
Which of the following terms is the increase of cell proliferation and an increase in the number of cells without the presence of a growth stimulus?
neoplasia
Proliferation of neoplastic cells includes all of the following except:
malignant
All of the following are characteristics of a benign neoplasm except:
undifferentiated from stem cells and do not resemble tissue of origin
New growth of cells that are undifferentiated from stem cells and exhibit new features not inherent to the tissue they originated from are referred to as:
anaplasia
Metastasis of malignant cells can occur via all of the following except:
shared organ functions
Pleomorphism refers to:
variances in size, shape and staining qualities of malignant cells
All of the following are cellular features of a benign tumor except:
a very large percentage of cells are undergoing active mitosis
All of the following are cellular changes of a malignant tumor except:
an increase in the number of organelles
All of the following are true regarding the growth of benign tumor cells except:
well differentiated as cells of their origin
slow growth
few cells are actively undergoing mitosis
all of the above are true regarding benign cells
Which of the following terms means to change its position, denoting the process of neoplasms spreading from primary location to other sites in the body
metastasis
With a few exceptions, adenomas are typically benign tumors of epithelial cells.
True
lipoma
benign tumor in fat cells
chondroma
benign tumor in joint cells/cartilage
chondrosarcoma
aggressive malignant tumor of cartilage cells
osteoma
benign tumor of bone cells
osteosarcoma
malignant bone tumor of bone cells
glioma
malignant tumor of the glia cells
lymphoma
malignant tumor of the lymphocytes
Ewings Sarcoma
malignant cancer of the bone
Both tumor grading and staging are used to determine prognosis and develop treatment plans.
True
The process of examing the cellular structure of tumor cells under a microscope to determine benign vs malignant and degree of malignancy is known as:
tumor staging
Tumor staging considers each of the following information to determine stage EXCEPT:
histological examination and patient overall health
A patient presents with breast cancer. The biopsy revealed histology of mostly differentiated cells with <10% undifferentiated of cells are pleomorphic nuclei and undergoing active mitosis. The CT scan displayed no evidence of metastasis. The bone scan revealed degenerative changes in the spine and knees. The PET/Ct scan was normal. The lymphoscintigraphy study with lymph node biospy revealed malignant cells were present in the first lymph node. Which of the following is most likely the patients grading and staging.
grade 2, stage 2
All of the following describe unique biochemistry of malignant cells except:
glycogen depletion
Increased angiogenesis and ability to avoid apoptosis are two key features of malignant cells that contribute to autonomous growth.
True
Mutated forms of cellular genes which contribute to the development of cancer are also known as:
Oncogenes
Treatment of cancer includes which of the following
radioimmunotherapy
immunotherapy
radiation therapy
surgical removal
chemotherapy
all of the above