clarithromycin, azithromycin, rifabutin
What are the 1st line treatments for MAC? (3)
prevent action of hydrophobic abs, allow cell to dehydrate w/out dying, allow cell to grow in macrophages and hide from immune system
What are the functions of mycolic acid? (3)
inhibits the function of AcpM acyl carrier protein; prevents biosynthesis of mycolic acids needed for cell walls
Isoniazid MOA?
vitamin B6/pyridoxine; reduce risk of peripheral neuropathy
What must be given with Isoniazid?
Why?
inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis by inhibiting mycobacterial fatty acid synthase
Pyrazinamide MOA?
-inhibits arabinosyl transferases; preventing cell wall synthesis
Ethambutol MOA?
a
High doses of this drug can cause optic neuritis.
a) ethambutol
b) isoniazid
c) pyrazinamide
d)aminosalicylic acid
c
Which one is a protonophore?
a) ethambutol
b) isoniazid
c) pyrazinamide
d)aminosalicylic acid
d
Which one has extremely high rates of GI irritation?
a) ethambutol
b) isoniazid
c) pyrazinamide
d)aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic Acid
- PABA analog- inhibits folate enzymes
e
Which has a similar MOA to Isoniazid?
a) Capreomycin
b) Clofazimine
c) Bedaquiline
d) Pretomanid
e) Ethionamide
a
Which has a similar MOA to Aminoglycosides?
a) Capreomycin
b) Clofazimine
c) Bedaquiline
d) Pretomanid
e) Ethionamide
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, eosinophilia
AEs of Capreomycin? (3)
Clofazimine
-binds to guanine bases of DNA & inhibits template function
- increases phospholipase A2 activity so bacteria accumulate toxic levels of lysophospholipids
b
Which one has high rates of GI pain?
a) Capreomycin
b) Clofazimine
c) Bedaquiline
d) Pretomanid
e) Ethionamide
b
Which one causes the skin to turn red/brown?
a) Capreomycin
b) Clofazimine
c) Bedaquiline
d) Pretomanid
e) Ethionamide
c, d
Which are used for drug-resistant TB?
a) Capreomycin
b) Clofazimine
c) Bedaquiline
d) Pretomanid
e) Ethionamide
-inhibits mycobacterial proton pump needed to produce ATP
Bedaquiline MOA?
-inhibits cell wall biosynthesis by inhibiting the oxidation of hydroxymycolate to ketomycolate
Pretomanid MOA?
d
Which can cause the poisoning of bacteria in anaerobic conditions?
a) Capreomycin
b) Clofazimine
c) Bedaquiline
d) Pretomanid
e) Ethionamide