Masseter
MAE
Maxilla and zygomatic arch
Angle and ramus of mandible
Elevates mandible
TMJ
Buccinator
MOC
Maxilla and mandible
Orbicularis Oris
Compress Cheek
Cheek
Temporalis
TCE
Temporal fossa
Coronoid process and ramus of mandible
Elevates and retracts mandible
TMJ
Medial Pterygoid
PRE
Pterygoid process, palatine bone, and maxilla
Ramus and angle of mandible
Elevates and protracts mandible; moves jaw laterally
TMJ
Lateral Pterygoid
GMD
Greater wing of the sphenoid bone and pterygoid process
Mandibular condyle
Depresses and protracts mandible; moves jaw laterally
TMJ
Zygomaticus Major
ZOS
Zygomatic Bone
Orbicularis Oris
Smiling
n/a
Orbicularis Oculi
BTC
Bones of orbit
Tissue of eyelid
Close eye
Eye
Orbicularis Oris
FMC
Fascia surrounding lips
Mucosa of lips
Close lips
Mouth
Splenius Capitis
SSE
Spinous process of C7 and T1-T3
Superior nuchal line and mastoid process
Extend and rotate head at neck; hyperextend neck
Neck
Erector Spinae
RRE
Ribs, vertebrae, sacrum, and ilium
Ribs, vertebrae, skull
Extension of vertebral column
Vertebral Column
Sternocleidomastoid
SMF
Sternum and clavicle
Mastoid process and superior nuchal line
Flexes head bilaterally; rotates head unilaterally
Neck
Serratus Anterior
8fMP
First 8-9 ribs
Medial border of the scapula
Pulls shoulder foward; abducts and rotates it foward
Scapula
Pectoralis Minor
r3CD
Ribs 3-5
Coracoid process of the scapula
Depress shoulder; draws shoulders forward
Scapula
Trapezius
OCE
Occipital bone, Spines of C7-T12
Clavicle and spine of scapula
Elevates, adducts, and depresses scapula.
Scapula
Levator Scapulae
FSE
First 3-4 Cervical vertebrae
Superior angle of scapula
Elevates scapula
Scapula
Rhomboideus Major
SVE
Spines of T2-T5
Vertebral or medial border of scapula
Elevates and adducts scapula
Scapula
Rhomboideus Minor
SVE
Spines of C7 and T1
Vertebral or medial border of scapula
Elevates and adducts and scapula
Scapula
Supraspinatus
SGA
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Greater tubercle of humerus
Abducts arm; slight lateral rotation
Shoulder
Infraspinatus
IGR
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Greater tubercle of humerus
Rotates humerus laterally; slightly adduction
Shoulder
Teres Major
IPE
Inferior angle of scapula
Proximal end of humerus
Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus
Teres Minor
APA
Axillary border of scapula
Proximal end of humerus
Adducts and laterally rotates humerus
Scapula
Coracobrachialis
CMF
Coracoid process of scapula
Middle medial border of humerus
Flexes and adducts arm
Deltoid
CDF
Clavicle and spine of scapula
Deltoid tuberosity and humerus
Flexes, adducts and medially rotates humerus
Lateral shoulder
Pectoralis Major
CAF
Clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage, true ribs
Anterior aspect of proximal end of humerus
Flexes, adducts and medially rotates humerus
Shoulder
Latissimus Dorsi
SIE
Spinous processes of T6-L5, iliac crest, last 3 ribs
Intertubercular groove of humerus
Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus
Shoulder
Triceps Brachii
SOE
Scapula near glenoid fossa and proximal humerus
Olecranon process of ulna
Extends elbow
Elbow
Brachialis
ACF
Anterior surface of humerus
Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
Flexes elbow
Elbow
Biceps Brachii
SRF
Scapula near glenoid fossa and coracoid process
Radial tuberosity
Flexes elbow; supinates forearm
Elbow
Brachioradialis
DSF
Distal end of humerus
Styloid process of radius
Flexes elbow
Elbow
Supinator
LPS
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Proximal radius
Supinates arm
Elbow
Pronator Teres
MLP
Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
Lateral surface of middle of radius
Pronates forearm
Elbow
Flexor Group
HMF
Humerus
Metacarpals
Flexes hand at wrist
Wrist
Extensor Group
HME
Humerus
Metacarpals
Extends hand at wrist
Wrist
Palmaris Longus
(This muscle is absent in 10-15% of the population. There is variation in the insertion and corresponding variation in the action)
MRF
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Radial tuberosity or palmar aponeurosis
Flexes elbow; flexes wrist
Elbow
External Intercostals
ISE
Inferior border of rib above
Superior border of rib below
Elevates ribs
Ribs
Internal Intercostals
SID
Superior border of rib below
Inferior border of rib above
Depresses ribs
Ribs
Diaphragm
XCI
Xiphoid process, last 6 ribs, lumbar vertebrae
Central tendon
Increases vertical dimension of the thorax
Ribs
Rectus Abdominis
PXF
Pubic crest
Xiphoid process, cartilage of ribs 5-7
Flexes spine; compress abdomen
Spine
External Abdominal Oblique
LLF
Lower 8 ribs
Linea alba and iliac crest
Flexes and rotates spine; compress abdomen
Spine
Internal Abdominal Oblique
ILF
iliac crest and lumbodorsal fascia
Linea alba and lower 4 ribs
Flexes and rotates spine; compress abdomen
Spine
Transverse Abdominis
LLC
Last 6 ribs, iliac crest, lumbar fascia
Linea alba and pubic crest
Compress abdomen
Abdomen
Gluteus Maximus
IIE
iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx
iliotibial tract of fascia latae and gluteal tuberosity
Extends, abducts and rotates femur laterally
Hip
Gluteus Medius
IGA
ilium
Greater trochanter of femur
Abducts and rotates femur medially
Hip
Gluteus Minimus
IGA
ilium
Greater trochanter of femur
Abducts and rotates femur medially
Hip
Tensor Fascia Latae
IIF
iliac crest
iliotibial tract of fascia latae
flexes and abducts femur
Hip
Adductor Longus
AFF
Anterior pubic bone
Femur
Flexes and adducts femur
Inner thigh
iliopsoas - Psoas Major
TLF
Transverse process and body of lumbar of vertebrae
Lesser trochanter
Flexes hip joint; flexes vertebral column
Hip
iliopsoas - iliacus
ITF
iliac crest and iliac fossa
Tendon of Psoas Major
Flexes hip joint
Hip
Pectineus
PMF
Pubic bone
Medial aspect of femur
Flexes, adducts and rotates thigh medially
Inner thigh
Biceps Femoris (Hamstring)
IHF
Ischial tuberosity & femur
Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
Flexes knee; extends thigh
Knee/hip
Semitendinosus (Hamstring)
IMF
Ischial tuberosity
Medial condyle and shaft of tibia
Flexes knee; extends thigh
Knee/hip
Semimembranosus (Hamstring)
IMF
Ischial tuberosity
Medial condyle of tibia
Flexes knee; extends thigh
Knee/hip
Gracilis
PMA
Pubic bone
Medial surface of tibia
Adducts thigh; flexes knee
Knee/hip
Sartorius
AMF
Anterior, superior iliac spine
Medial surface of tibia
Flexes knee; flexes and rotates thigh laterally
Knee/hip
Rectus Femoris (Quadricep)
AUF
Anterior, inferior iliac spine
Upper border of patella
Flexes thigh; extends knee
Knee/Thigh
Vastus Lateralis (Quadricep)
GPE
Greater trochanter of femur
Patella and tibial tuberosity
Extends knee
Knee
Vastus Intermedius (Quadricep)
APE
Anterior and lateral surface of femur
Patella and tibial tuberosity
Extends knee
Knee
Vastus Medialis (Quadricep)
MPE
Medial side of proximal aspect of femur
Patella and tibial tuberosity
Extends knee
Knee
Gastrocnemius
MCE
Medial and lateral condyles of femur
Calcaneus by achilles tendon
Extends foot at ankle; flexes knee
Knee/ankle
Soleus
HCE
Head of fibula and medial border of tibia
Calcaneus by achilles tendon
Extends foot at ankle
Ankle
Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus
LBE
Lateral condyle of tibia, head & proximal shaft of fibula
Base of 1st metatarsal and 1st cuneiform
Everts foot; assists in extension of foot at ankle
Ankle
Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis
B5E
Body of fibula
5th metatarsal
Everts; assists in extension of foot at ankle
Ankle
Tibialis Anterior
L1F
Lateral condyle and body of tibia
1st metatarsal and 1st cuneiform
Flex foot at ankle; inverts foot
Ankle
Tibialis Posterior
M2E
Membrane between tibia and fibula
2nd, 3rd, 4th, metatarsals, navicular bone, cuboid bone, 3rd cuneiform
Extends foot at ankle and inverts foot
Ankle