A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
prophase
Chromosomes become visible, nuclear membrane dissolves, spindle fibers forms
metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
anaphase
Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
telophase
Phase of mitosis in which a nuclear membrane reforms around each new set of chromosomes.
cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm during cell division
interphase
A period of time in between mitosis during which a cell grows and copies its DNA,
centriole
Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells
spindle fibers
help pull apart the cell during replication and are made up of micrtubules
chromosome
A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus.
cell cycle
series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
cleavage furrow
The area of the cell membrane that pinches in and eventually separates the dividing cell
replication of nucleus so cells can carry out growth, repair, reproduction of more cells
purpose of mitosis
S phase of interphase
DNA is replicated
G1 phase
stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions
G2 phase
The second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.
Daughter cells of mitosis
Genetically identical cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Prometaphase
The second stage of mitosis, in which discrete chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear, the nuclear envelope fragments, and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.
Chromatin
Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell
Chromatid
one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome
sister chromatids
Identical copies of a chromosome; full sets of these are created during the S subphase of interphase.
homologous chromosomes
Pair of chromosomes that are the same size, same appearance and same genes.
Centromere
Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
Diploid
containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
kinetochore
A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle.
Cytoskeleton
A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement
cell plate
In a plant cell, midline of dividing cells. Becomes the cell wall eventually.
asexual reproduction
process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
Cancer
A disease in which some body cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them.