combining form of calcium
calc/o, calci/o
lord/o
(abnormal) curve
like lordosis
lumb/o
lower back
orthr/o
straight
combining form of crooked
scoli/o
-clast
to break
-malacia
softening (condition)
-physis
to grow
-tome
instrument to cut
acetabul/o
acetabulum
carp/o
carpals (wrist bone)
calvicul/o
clavicles
femor/o
femur
ili/o
ilium (of the pelvic girdle)
olecran/o
olecranon (elbow)
phalang/o
phalanges (finger or toes)
radi/o
radius
tars/o
tarsals
osteomalacia
softening of the bone
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone marrow (secondary to infection)
osteoporosis
decreases in bone density (^in soft bone)
What is joint (articulation)?
Two bones coming together (needed for movement).
Suture joints are ___.
immovable
Synovial joints are ___.
freely movable (ball and socket joints like the hip or shoulder).
What are tendons?
Fibrocartilage that connects muscles to bone.
Ligaments ___.
band bone to bone.
akyl/o (for pathological conditions)
stiff
combining form of joint
arthr/o, articul/o
burs/o
bursa
chondr/o
cartilage
rheumat/o
watery flow
synov/o
synovial membrane or fluid
-desis
to bind, tie together
-stenosis
narrowing
osteoarthritis
inflammation in the joint between two bones (particularly in spine, hips and knees of older people). Bone rubbing together which causes pain.
rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune reaction against joint tissues (on the synovial membrane).
What is dislocation?
Bone being displaced from a joint.
What is a sprain?
Trauma to joint with pain, swelling and injury to ligaments without rupture.
What is the origin of a bone?
The point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (unmoving), proximal.
What is the insertion of a bone?
The point of junction of the muscle to the bone that moves, distal.
What is dorsiflexion?
Raising foot up.
leiomy/o
smooth muscle
my/o, myos/o
muscle
rhabdomy/o
skeletal muscle
-ab
away from
Muscular dystrophy
Inherited diseases where muscles weak and degenerate due to lack of nervous system involvement.
arthrocentensis
Fluid removed from joint