What are Parasympathetic Nerves? (2)
-Long
-Located in the Craniosacral
What are Sympathetic Nerves? (2)
-Short
-Located in the Thoracic Lumbar
Name for many nerve cells?
Ganglia
A Chemical is nothing.....?
Without its receptor
Paravertebral meaning?
Situated beside the spinal column
What does the Superior Cervical paravertebral ganglia (Sympathetic Nerves) control? (3)
-Pupil
-Facial glands
-Head circulation
What does the Middle and inferior paravertebral ganglia (Sympathetic Nerves) control? (1)
-Heart and Lungs
What does the remaining paravertebral ganglia (Sympathetic Nerves) control? (6)
-Sweat glands
-Pilomotor (hair)
-Blood vessels
-Skeletal muscles
-Skin
-GI Tract
What does the Cranial Nerve III (Parasympathetic Nerves) control? (1)
(Oculomotor)
-Pupil
What does the Cranial Nerve VII (Parasympathetic Nerves) control? (3)
(Facial)
-Submaxillary (sweat gland)
-Sublingual (sweat gland)
-lacrimal (tear gland)
What does the Cranial Nerve IX (Parasympathetic Nerves) control? (1)
(Glossopharyngeal/Jaw)
-Parotid glands (2 sweat glands)
What does the Cranial Nerve X (Parasympathetic Nerves) control? (5)
(The Vagus /Largest Cranial nerve in the body)
-Heart
-Kidneys
-Bronchi
-GI Tract
-Colon
What does the Sacral Nerves (Parasympathetic Nerves) control? (3)
(Lower legs + Pelvis)
-Remainder of the GI Tract
-Bladder
-Genitalia
What is an autonomic ganglion?
A cluster of nerve cell bodies
What are the Autonomic ganglia neurotransmitters and receptors?
Acetylcholine neurotransmitter
Nicotinic receptors
Where are the parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia found?
Parasympathetic-right in the organ
Sympathetic-right next to the spine
What is an adrenal gland?
A modified ganglion
Is Rest and Digest parasympathetic or sympathetic?
Parasympathetic
Is Fight or Flight, parasympathetic or sympathetic?
Sympathetic
Picture outlining Cholinergic Neurones:
Picture outlining Choline Acetyl Transferase enzyme action: Can you describe the process?
Picture outlining Formation and Metabolism: Can you describe the process?
Picture outlining Adrenergic Neurones:
What do the majority of tissues use? single or dual input?
Summary
Where does the neurotransmitter ATP/Neuropeptide Y (NPY) act and what does it cause?
-Acts at the post-ganglionic sympathetic neurone
-Causes vasoconstriction
Where does the neurotransmitter Vasoactive intestinal peptide act and what does it cause?
-Acts at the salivary glands or bronchial smooth muscle
-Causes dilatation
Where does the neurotransmitter Nitric Oxide (NO) act and what does it cause?
-Acts at the parasympathetic pelvic nerves
-Causes an erection