What is genomics? (2)
The study of the entire DNA sequence of an organism
Contains the complete set of genes
What is genetics? (2)
The study of how traits are passed down through generations
Focuses on the role of genes in inheritance
How are genomics and genetics related? (2)
Both involve the study of genes and DNA
They are not the same, but they are interconnected
What is an “-ome”? (2)
The sum total of a specific biological entity
Example: A genome is the total of all DNA sequences in an organism
What is the central dogma of molecular biology? (3)
DNA is transcribed into RNA (genomics to transcriptome)
RNA is translated into proteins (transcriptome to proteome)
Name three major "omes" and their biological objects. (3)
DNA: Genome
RNA: Transcriptome
Proteins: Proteome
What does transcriptomics study? (1)
The study of all RNA transcripts produced by a cell, tissue, or organism
What does proteomics study? (1)
The study of all proteins produced by an organism
What is the mitochondrial genome? (2)
The DNA sequence within mitochondria, around 16kbp
Linked to many rare diseases
What is the epigenome? (2)
Changes in marks on the DNA strand or histones
Associated with some diseases
What is the metagenome? (2)
The genomes of all microorganisms in a specific location
Associated with some diseases
How much did it cost to sequence a human genome in 2001? (1)
~£100,000,000
How long did it take to sequence a human genome in 2001? (1)
~1000 days
How much does it cost to sequence a human genome in 2024? (1)
As low as £100
How long does it take to sequence a human genome in 2024? (1)
Less than 2 days
How has Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) impacted genome sequencing? (3)
Made it 1,000,000x cheaper than in 2001
Made it 500x faster
Greatly improved the efficiency of genetic research