Flashcards: Gynaecologic disorders

Myoma is a kind of mesenchymal tumor.

Vaginismus, sometimes called vaginism and genito-pelvic pain disorder, is a condition that affects a woman's ability to engage in vaginal penetration, including sexual intercourse, manual penetration, insertion of tampons or menstrual cups, and the penetration involved in gynecological examinations (pap tests).

Cervical ectropion (or cervical eversion) is a condition in which the central (endocervical) columnar epithelium protrudes out through the external os of the cervix and onto the vaginal portion of the cervix, undergoes squamous metaplasia, and transforms to stratified squamous epithelium.

Vaginitis, also known as vaginal infection and vulvovaginitis, is an inflammation of the vagina and possible vulva.

An epispadias is a rare type of malformation of the penis in which the urethra ends in an opening on the upper aspect (the dorsum) of the penis.

A dermoid cyst is a teratoma of a cystic nature that contains an array of developmentally mature, solid tissues.

Erythroplakia (or erythroplasia) is a clinical term to describe any erythematous (red) area on a mucous membrane, that cannot be attributed to any other pathology.

Uterine perforation is a potential complication of any intrauterine procedure.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a set of symptoms due to elevated androgens (male hormones) in women.

Cervicitis is inflammation of the uterine cervix.

Salpingitis is an infection and inflammation in the fallopian tubes.

Vulvitis is inflammation of the vulva, the external female mammalian genitalia that include the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and introitus (the entrance to the vagina).

An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac within the ovary.

Swyer syndrome, or XY gonadal dysgenesis, is a type of hypogonadism in a person whose karyotype is 46,XY.

Endometriosis is a disease in which tissue that normally grows inside the uterus grows outside it.

Hypogonadism means diminished functional activity of the gonads—the testes in males or the ovaries in females—that may result in diminished sex hormone biosynthesis.

A Bartholin's cyst, also known as Bartholinitis occurs when a Bartholin's gland is blocked and the gland becomes inflamed.

A cervical polyp is a common benign polyp or tumour on the surface of the cervical canal.

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), also known as cervical dysplasia and cervical interstitial neoplasia, is the potentially premalignant transformation and abnormal growth (dysplasia) of squamous cells on the surface of the cervix.

Clitoromegaly (or macroclitoris) is an abnormal enlargement of the clitoris that is mostly congenital or acquired, though deliberately induced clitoris enlargement as a form of female genital body modification is achieved through various uses of anabolic steroids, including testosterone, and may also be referred to as clitoromegaly.

An endometrial polyp or uterine polyp is a mass in the inner lining of the uterus.

Endometritis is inflammation of the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus.

Kraurosis vulvae is a cutaneous condition characterized by atrophy and shrinkage of the skin of the vagina and vulva often accompanied by a chronic inflammatory reaction in the deeper tissues.

Labial fusion is a medical condition of the female genital anatomy where the labia minora become fused together.

Parametritis is an inflammation of the parametrium (connective tissue adjacent to the uterus).

Urinary incontinence (UI), also known as involuntary urination, is any leakage of urine.

Vulvodynia is a chronic pain syndrome that affects the vulvar area and occurs without an identifiable cause.

Female genital prolapse (or vaginal prolapse or pelvic organ prolapse) is characterized by a portion of the vaginal canal protruding (prolapsing) from the opening of the vagina.

Mastitis (also called mammitis) is inflammation of breast or udder tissue usually due to infection.

A retroverted uterus (tilted uterus, tipped uterus) is a uterus that is tilted posteriorly.

A female genital disease is a condition that affects the female reproductive system.

Asherman syndrome (AS) or Fritsch syndrome, is a condition characterized by adhesions and/or fibrosis of the endometrium particularly but can also affect the myometrium.

Premature ovarian failure (POF), also known as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), or primary ovarian insufficiency is the loss of function of the ovaries before age 40.

This syndrome is inherited as an autosomal disease.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe and disabling form of premenstrual syndrome affecting 3–8% of menstruating women.

Adenomyosis is a medical condition characterized by the presence of ectopic glandular tissue found in the muscular wall of the uterus (myometria).

Hematocolpos is a medical condition in which the vagina fills with menstrual blood.

In medicine, Meigs' syndrome, also Meigs syndrome or Demons-Meigs syndrome, is the triad of ascites, pleural effusion, and benign ovarian tumor (fibroma, fibrothecoma, Brenner tumour, and occasionally granulosa cell tumour).

Salpingitis isthmica nodosa, also known as diverticulosis of the Fallopian tube, is nodular thickening of the narrow part of the uterine tube, due to inflammation.

Lipschütz ulcer, ulcus vulvae acutum or reactive non-sexually related acute genital ulcers (English: acute ulceration of the vulva) is a rare disease characterized by painful genital ulcers, fever, and lymphadenopathy, occurring most commonly, but not exclusively, in adolescents and young women.

In gynecology, endosalpingiosis is a condition in which fallopian tube-like epithelium is found outside the fallopian tube.

Tight hymenal ring is a disorder of the hymen, characterized by a rigid hymen and tight introitus, whether acquired or congenital.

Cryptomenorrhea or cryptomenorrhoea, also known as hematocolpos, is a condition where menstruation occurs but is not visible due to an obstruction of the outflow tract.

Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome is a rare complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) named after the two physicians, Thomas Fitz-Hugh, Jr and Arthur Hale Curtis who first reported this condition in 1934 and 1930 respectively.