V
Trigeminal
Both motor & sensory
Face sensation/chewing
VII
Facial
Both motor & sensory
Facial expression, taste
IX
Glossopharyngeal
Sensory
Taste/swallow
X
Vagus
Both motor & sensory
Innervates larynx
XI
Accessory
Motor
Neck/shoulder movement
XII
Hypoglossal
Motor
Tongue movement
left hemisphere
language dominant
damage: aphasia
right hemisphere
supporting language
damage: higher-order language and memory, attention, executive function impairments
frontal lobe
language production, cognitive functions, voluntary movements
includes: primary motor area, Broca's area
parietal lobe
sensation, taste, smell, touch, hearing
includes: sensory motor area
temporal lobe
language comprehension and memory
includes: wernicke's area
brain stem
breathing, temperature, heart rate
heschl's gyrus
auditory processing, sensory hearing area
angular gyrus
complex language related functions
What are the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?
Thyroarytenoid muscle, cricothyroid muscle
adductors: lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, transverse arytenoid muscle, oblique arytenoid muscle
abductor: posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
glottis
lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
rotates arytenoids medially
transverse & oblique arytenoid muscles
contract & pull arytenoids closer together
when disfluencies exceed ____% of words spoken, listeners judge the speech as dysfluent or stuttered
5
stuttering vs cluttering
stuttering = all types of disfluencies that exceed a measure of such as 5% of words spoken; production of part-word repetitions and speech-sound prolongations
cluttering= rapid but disordered arctic, may have a high rate of disfluencies, disorganized thought and language
cluttering
speech is:
- too fast overall
- too irregular
- both pauses:failure to maintain normally expected sound, syllable, phrase, and pausing patterns
evidence of greater than expected incidents of disfluency, the majority of which are unlike those of typical people who stutter
- excessive 'normal' disfluencies
- excessive collapsing or deletion of syllables
- abnormal pauses, syllable stress, or speech rhythm
- rapid speech rate that is sometimes accompanied by bursts of fast speech
- awareness of disorder is poor
- prevalence of articulation errors
young children tend to stutter on...
function words
pronouns, prepositions, auxiliary verbs
older children/adults tend to stutter on....
content words
nouns, adjectives, adverbs, main verbs
indirect treatment in stuttering
educating caregivers on communication strategies
direct treatment in stuttering
addressing the child's stutter during treatment with SLP
van-riper's fluent-stuttering method
aimed at reducing the abnormality of stuttering through cancellations and pull-outs