Flashcards: DNA replication

Single-stranded binding proteins (not to be confused with the E. coli protein, Single-strand DNA-binding protein, SSB) are a class of proteins that have been identified in both viruses and organisms from bacteria to humans.

In molecular biology, DNA polymerases are enzymes that synthesize DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks of DNA.

Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres.

A DNA clamp, also known as a sliding clamp, is a protein fold that serves as a processivity-promoting factor in DNA replication.

The unique ability of gyrase to introduce negative supercoils into DNA is what allows bacterial DNA to have free negative supercoils.

Helicases are a class of enzymes vital to all living organisms.

Taq polymerase /ˌtæk ˈpɒlᵻməreɪz/ is a thermostable DNA polymerase named after the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus from which it was originally isolated by Chien et al.

The retinoblastoma protein (protein name abbreviated pRb; gene name abbreviated RB or RB1) is a tumor suppressor protein that is dysfunctional in several major cancers.

DnaB helicase is an enzyme in bacteria which opens the replication fork during DNA replication.

Repressor LexA or LexA is a transcriptional repressor (EC 3.4.21.88) that represses SOS response genes coding primarily for error-prone DNA polymerases, DNA repair enzymes and cell division inhibitors.

dnaE, the gene product of dnaE, is the catalytic α subunit of DNA polymerase III, acting as a DNA helicase.

dnaH is a gene involved in DNA replication.

DnaI is a protein that is part of the primosome involved in prokaryotic DNA replication.

dnaS is a gene involved in DNA replication.

Molecular biologists use several shorthand terms when referring to nucleic acid molecules, such as DNA and RNA, collectively referred to as nucleic acid nomenclature.

In molecular biology, DNA ligase is a specific type of enzyme, a ligase, (EC 6.5.1.1) that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond.

Cdc6, or cell division cycle 6, is a protein in eukaryotic cells that is studied in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

DnaD is a 232 amino acid long protein that is part of the primosome involved in prokaryotic DNA replication.

Single-strand DNA-binding protein (SSB) is a protein, 178 amino acids long, found in Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, that binds to single-stranded regions of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

DnaA is a protein that activates initiation of DNA replication in bacteria.

T7 DNA polymerase is an enzyme used during the DNA replication of the T7 bacteriophage.

Minichromosome maintenance protein complex (MCM) is a eukaryotic DNA helicase complex required for the process of DNA replication, specifically the formation and elongation of the replication fork.

Pwo polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase used for the polymerase chain reaction.

Vent polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase used for the polymerase chain reaction.

In molecular biology, holA is a gene that encodes the δ (delta) subunit of DNA polymerase III in E.

In E. coli and other bacteria, holC is a gene that encodes the chi subunit of DNA polymerase III.

In E. coli and other bacteria, holE is a gene that encodes the theta subunit of DNA polymerase III.

DnaX is the gene that codes for the τ and γ subunits of the DNA clamp loader of prokaryotes.