creatine, BUN, urinalysis, USG, Inulin
What is used to measure renal function? (5)
66%; 33%
How much fluid is in the ICF?
How much is in the ECF?
25%; 75%
How much plasma makes up the ECF?
How much Interstitial fluid makes it up?
alkalosis, shallow respirations, irritability, confusion/drowsiness, weakness/fatigue, arrhythmias, lethargy, thready pulse
What are the symptoms of Hypo-kalemia? (8)
d
What must be corrected first in order to fix hypo-kalemia?
a) hypocalcemia
b) hyponatremia
c) hypermagnesemia
d) hypomagnesemia
1.4-2
What is the normal range of Mg2+?
when there is high aldosterone activity
When do high amounts of potassium excretion occur?
muscle cells, liver, kidney
Where in the body is potassium highly concentrated? (3)
on thiazides, poor diet, vomiting/diarrhea
Which patients are most likely to experience hypokalemia? (3)
loops, thiazides
Which medications are most commonly involved in hypokalemia? (2)
dextrose; causes insulin secretion which pushes potassium into cells
Which fluid vehicle should we avoid when administering IV potassium?
dietary supplementation
How do we treat mild hypokalemia?
every 10mEq administered = 0.1 mEq increase
Provide the rough estimation used to predict change in potassium as it relates to dose.
phosphate, chloride, gluconate, bicarbonate
What are the oral supplements of potassium? (4)
c
Which is used when a patient is experiencing metabolic acidosis?
a) potassium-chloride
b) potassium-gluconate
c) potassium-bicarbonate
d) potassium-phosphate
a
Which form is used the most?
a) potassium-chloride
b) potassium-gluconate
c) potassium-bicarbonate
d) potassium-phosphate
central venous catheter; avoid right atrium to prevent cardiac arrhythmia
How should potassium be administered?
when K+ doses are < 20 mEq
When is peripheral administration ok?
40mEq/per hour
What is the max rate for administering potassium?