Flashcards: Disorders of endocrine pancreas

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a pre-diabetic state of hyperglycemia that is associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular pathology.

Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar (also spelled hyperglycaemia or hyperglycæmia) is a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in the blood plasma.

Zollinger–Ellison Syndrome (ZES) is caused by a non–beta islet cell (islet of Langerhans), gastrin-secreting tumor of the pancreas that stimulates the acid-secreting cells of the stomach (parietal cells) to maximal activity, with consequent gastrointestinal mucosal ulceration.

Nesidioblastosis is a controversial medical term for hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia attributed to excessive function of pancreatic beta cells with an abnormal microscopic appearance.

Hypoglycemia, also known as low blood sugar, is when blood sugar decreases to below normal levels.

Insulitis is an inflammation of the islets of Langerhans, a collection of endocrine tissue located in the pancreas.

Hyperinsulinemia, or hyperinsulinaemia is a condition in which there are excess levels of insulin circulating in the blood relative to the level of glucose.

Reactive hypoglycemia, or postprandial hypoglycemia, is a medical term describing recurrent episodes of symptomatic hypoglycemia occurring within 4 hours after a high carbohydrate meal in people who do not have diabetes.

Hyperinsulinism refers to an above normal level of insulin in the blood of a person or animal.

A sugar crash or glucose crash is the fatigue after consuming a large quantity of carbohydrates, also known as reactive hypoglycemia.

Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a type of prediabetes, in which the blood sugar level during fasting is consistently higher than what are considered normal levels; however, the level is not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes mellitus.

Congenital hyperinsulinism is a medical term referring to a variety of congenital disorders in which hypoglycemia is caused by excessive insulin secretion.