Flashcards: Cyclic peptides

ADH-1 (brand name Exherin) is a small, cyclic pentapeptide vascular-targeting drug.

Octreotate or octreotide acid is a somatostatin analogue that is closely related to octreotide.

Colistin, also known as polymyxin E, is an antibiotic produced by certain strains of the bacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa.

Polymyxin B is an antibiotic primarily used for resistant Gram-negative infections.

Argadin is a cyclic peptide natural product, investigated for its ability to be a nanomolar inhibitor of Family-18 Chitinases.

Cyclotides are small disulfide rich peptides isolated from plants.

Yunnanin A is a biologically active cyclic peptide.

2,5-Diketopiperazine, also known as piperazine-2,5-dione and as the cyclodipeptide cyclo(Gly-Gly), is an organic compound and the smallest cyclic dipeptide that consists of a six-membered ring containing two amide linkages where the two nitrogen atoms and the two carbonyls are at opposite positions in the ring.

Octreotide (brand name Sandostatin, Novartis Pharmaceuticals) is an octapeptide that mimics natural somatostatin pharmacologically, though it is a more potent inhibitor of growth hormone, glucagon, and insulin than the natural hormone.

Nodularin-R is a cyclic nonribosomal peptide produced by the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena.

Etamycin is a cyclic peptide antibiotic isolate of marine actinomycete.

Nosiheptide is a thiopeptide antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces actuosus.

Bacitracin is a mixture of related cyclic peptides produced by organisms of the licheniformis group of Bacillus subtilis var Tracy, first isolated in 1945.

Valinomycin is a naturally occurring dodecadepsipeptide used in the transport of potassium and as an antibiotic.

Lanreotide (INN) is a medication used in the management of acromegaly and symptoms caused by neuroendocrine tumors, most notably carcinoid syndrome.

Nisin is a polycyclic antibacterial peptide produced by the bacterium Lactococcus lactis that is used as a food preservative.

Lugdunin is an antibiotic compound, a thiazolidine-containing cyclic peptide.

Ciclosporin, also spelled cyclosporine, is an immunosuppressant drug widely used in organ transplantation to prevent rejection.

Dactinomycin, also known as actinomycin D, is the most significant member of actinomycines, which are a class of polypeptide antitumor antibiotics isolated from soil bacteria of the genus Streptomyces.

Microcystins (or cyanoginosins) are a class of toxins produced by certain freshwater cyanobacteria; primarily Microcystis aeruginosa but also other Microcystis, as well as members of the Planktothrix, Anabaena, Oscillatoria and Nostoc genera.

alpha-Amanitin or α-amanitin is a cyclic peptide of eight amino acids.

Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic used in the treatment of systemic and life-threatening infections caused by Gram-positive organisms.

Eptifibatide (Integrilin, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, also co-promoted by Schering-Plough/Essex), is an antiplatelet drug of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor class.

Valspodar (PSC833) is an experimental cancer treatment and chemosensitizer drug.

Pristinamycin (INN), also spelled pristinamycine, is an antibiotic used primarily in the treatment of staphylococcal infections, and to a lesser extent streptococcal infections.

Mycobacillin is an antifungal cyclic peptide.

Gramicidin S or Gramicidin Soviet is an antibiotic effective against some Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as well as some fungi.

Cyclotraxin B (CTX-B) is a small (1200 Da) cyclic peptide and highly potent, selective, non-competitive antagonist or negative allosteric modulator of TrkB (IC50  = 0.30 nM), the main receptor of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which itself was derived from BDNF.

beta-Amanitin or β-amanitin is a cyclic peptide comprising eight amino acids.

epsilon-Amanitin or ε-amanitin is a Cyclic peptide.

gamma-Amanitin or γ-amanitin is a Cyclic peptide of eight amino acids.

Cyclochlorotine (CC) is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus Penicillium islandicum that causes liver damage and has carcinogenic properties.

Friulimicin B is a lipopeptide antibiotic produced by Actinoplanes friuliensis.

Cereulide is a toxin produced by Bacillus cereus.

Hymenistatin is a cyclic peptide isolated from the sea sponge Phakellia fusca.

Viscumamide is a cyclic peptide isolated from endophytic fungi of mangrove.

Merotocin (INN) (developmental code name FE-202767), also known as carba-1-(4-FBzlGly7)dOT, is a potent (EC50 < 0.1 nM) and highly selective (>1000-fold over the related vasopressin receptors) peptidic agonist of the oxytocin receptor that was derived from oxytocin.

Phakellistatin 13 is a cytotoxic cycloheptapeptide isolated from marine sponge.