a
Bacteria in the blood.
a) bacteremia
b) endocarditis
c) myocarditis
b
Infection of heart valves.
a) bacteremia
b) endocarditis
c) myocarditis
c
Infection of heart muscle.
a) bacteremia
b) endocarditis
c) myocarditis
s. aureus, e.coli, k.pneumoniae
What are the most common pathogens involved in CV infections? (3)
nafcillin, oxacillin, cefazolin
What are the drugs of choice for MSSA Bacteriemia? (3)
vancomycin
________ cannot be used for MSSA bacteremia.
vancomycin, daptomycin, ceftaroline
What are the drugs of choice for MRSA Bacteremia? (3)
ceftaroline
_________ is the only beta-lactam with MRSA coverage.
Ceftaroline
-binds to PBPs--> blocks peptidoglycan synthesis--> inhibits cell wall synthesis
2-4 weeks
How long is treatment with Ceftaroline for MRSA Bacteremia?
a
Which requires NO renal dose adjustments?
a) Anti-staph pens
b) Vancomycin
c) Daptomycin
d) Ceftaroline
b
Which has very patient-specific dosing?
a) Anti-staph pens
b) Vancomycin
c) Daptomycin
d) Ceftaroline
c
Which can increase CPK and lead to myopathy?
a) Anti-staph pens
b) Vancomycin
c) Daptomycin
d) Ceftaroline
c
Which HAS to be used in synergy?
a) penicillin
b) ceftriaxone
c) gentamicin
a
Which is the DOC for streptococci?
a) penicillin
b) ceftriaxone
c) gentamicin
penicillin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin
What drugs do we use to treat Streptococcal Bacteremia? (3)
ampicillin, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, daptomycin, linezolid
What drugs do we use to treat Enterococcal Bacteremia? (5)
a
Which is the DOC for E.faecalis ?
a) ampicillin
b) gentamicin
c) ceftriaxone
d) daptomycin
e) linezolid
e
Which can cause thrombocytopenia?
a) ampicillin
b) gentamicin
c) ceftriaxone
d) daptomycin
e) linezolid
b
Which combination is safer?
a) ampicillin + gentamicin
b) ampicillin + ceftriaxone
a
Which combination can be used once-daily?
a) ampicillin + gentamicin
b) ampicillin + ceftriaxone
b
Which combo has the higher risk for C.diff ?
a) ampicillin + gentamicin
b) ampicillin + ceftriaxone
a
Which combo has a more narrow-spectrum?
a) ampicillin + gentamicin
b) ampicillin + ceftriaxone
pro: no IV; less chance of infection, con: GI upset
What are the Pros/Cons of PO treatment ?
IV = PO
If drug bioavailability is high,
fluoroquinolones; bactrim
What are the best ab's at treating Gm (-) bacteremia? (2)
a
Which has IV & PO options?
a) fluconazole
b) echinocandins
c) amphotericin
a
Which can cause QTc prolongation?
a) fluconazole
b) echinocandins
c) amphotericin
fluconazole
interferes with fungal P450 activity---> decreases ergosterol synthesis
and inhibits cell membrane formation
b
Which DOESN'T require a loading dose?
a) caspofungin
b) micafungin
c) anidulafungin
echinocandins
inhibits 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase---> decreases glucan content--->
causes osmotic instability and cell lysis
amphotericin
binds to ergosterol--> causing cell membrane impermeability-->> causes
leakage of cell components--> leads to cell death
d
Which is the conventional form?
a) Abelcet
b) AmBisome
c) Amphotec
d) Ampho B deoxycholate
c
Which is the Cholesterly sulfate complex?
a) Abelcet
b) AmBisome
c) Amphotec
d) Ampho B deoxycholate
a
Which is the lipid complex?
a) Abelcet
b) AmBisome
c) Amphotec
d) Ampho B deoxycholate
b
Which is the liposomal form?
a) Abelcet
b) AmBisome
c) Amphotec
d) Ampho B deoxycholate
-cocci suffix
Which pathogens usually cause endocarditis?
4-6 weeks
How long is endocarditis treatment?
a
Prosthetic valve + streptococci= add ______
a) gentamicn
b) rifampin
c) no difference in treatment
a,b
Prosthetic valve + staphylococci = add _____
a) gentamicn
b) rifampin
c) no difference in treatment
c
Prosthetic valve + enterococci = add ____
a) gentamicn
b) rifampin
c) no difference in treatment