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imporatance of site characterization
Location
The geographic position of the agricultural enterprise
relative to a city, town, or landmark (e.g., Brgy. Pangasugan).
Site
The specific area for crop cultivation (e.g., near Calbigaa
River), considering factors like soil, topography, elevation,
vegetation, and microclimate.
1. Crop is identified then find the site to plant the
chosen crop. and 2. Site is given/known, know what crop(s) to grow
2 cases of starting a crop production enterprise
Enterprise feasibility and profitability
In case 1 the crop is identified based on
suitability and
capability of land to sustain its production
In case 2 the crop is identified based on the
Climate, Weather, Macroclimate, Microclimate, Precipitation, Temperature, Wind, Relative humidity, Light, Soil Texture, Soil pH, SOM, Soil Organisms
State the ecological factors
Climate
defined as the
general state of the atmosphere
at given location over a long
period of time.
Weather
is the expression of
the day to day conditions of the
atmosphere at a given location.
Macroclimate
The climate of
a large region (e.g., country or
province), shaped by factors
like latitude, altitude, and
winds (e.g., tropical or
temperate climates).
Microclimate
The localized
climate of a small area (e.g., a
field or under a tree),
influenced by soil, vegetation,
water, and elevation.
Precipitation
any form of
water particles falling on the
ground in liquid or solid form
(rainfall, hail, snow, etc.)
As a reactants in many biological
reactions
Enters the structure of biological
molecules
Serves as medium of transport of
nutrients and other substances
Helps regulate plants
temperature
Role of water in plants
Temperature
influences every chemical,
physiological, and biological process in
plants.
Minimum
the lowest temperature at which
growth occurs.
Optimum
temperature at which rapid growth
and development are attained
Maximum
the highest temperature at which
growth would occur
15-40 degress celsius
maximum temperature
Wind
Air in Horizontal Motion
30 km/hr
wind strength that can
cause leaf tearing, particularly
in crops like bananas and
abaca.
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effects of wind in plants
increased evapotranspiration
Low relative humidity combined with
high temperatures leads to
reduce evapotranspiration
High relative humidity combined with
high temperatures results in
Light
affects crop performance
by driving photosynthesis.
Intensity of light
Measured in lux; spacing
maximizes sunlight. Shade plants
need less light, while others (e.g.,
ornamentals) require more.
Duration of light
Hours of daily light
impact plant growth and
development.
wavelength
Measured in
Angstroms or nanometers
and identified by color.
Different wavelengths affect
plant processes:
red and blue wavelength
the most effective wavelength in photosynthesis
Photoperiodism
the response to changes in daylength that enables plants to adapt to seasonal changes in their environment
far-red and red wavelength
the most effective wavelength in photoperiodism
Soil texture
is determined
by the relative proportion
of sand, silt, and clay.
Soil structure
is the arrangement of soil
particles into clusters or aggregates.
affects aeration, water infiltration,
how does soil structure affect plant growth
5.5-6.5
Ph pH range
SOM
includes all
carbon-containing compounds
in the soil from plants and
animals.
Large animals
break down organic
matter into smaller pieces.
Small organisms
drive biochemical
changes and further decomposition.
Pollinators, decomposers, Natural pest enemies
beneficial organisms
Intraspecific
Competition by plants of the
same species for growth
factors within a crop stand.
Interspecific competition
Competition by plants of
different species for growth
factors.
Creosotes bush
secretes
chemicals from the roots to inhibit growth of
nearby plants to reduce competition.
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economic factors
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sociological factors