Flashcards: Congenital heart defects

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a rare congenital heart defect in which the left heart is severely underdeveloped.

Ebstein's anomaly is a congenital heart defect in which the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve are displaced towards the apex of the right ventricle of the heart.

The trilogy of Fallot is a congenital heart condition.

Noonan syndrome (NS) is a relatively common autosomal dominant congenital disorder and is named after Jacqueline Noonan, a pediatric cardiologist.

Congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as a congenital heart anomaly or congenital heart disease, is a problem in the structure of the heart that is present at birth.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a condition wherein the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth.

Dextrocardia (from Latin dexter, meaning "right," and Greek kardia, meaning "heart") is a rare congenital defect in which the apex of the heart is located on the right side of the body.

A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a defect in the ventricular septum, the wall dividing the left and right ventricles of the heart.

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect that is present at birth.

Ectopia cordis (Greek: "away / out of place" + Latin: "heart") is a congenital malformation in which the heart is abnormally located either partially or totally outside of the thorax.

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a genetic disease that is characterised by abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) findings and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death.

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA or CoAo), also called aortic narrowing, is a congenital condition whereby the aorta is narrow, usually in the area where the ductus arteriosus (ligamentum arteriosum after regression) inserts.

Tricuspid atresia is a form of congenital heart disease whereby there is a complete absence of the tricuspid valve.

Scimitar syndrome, or pulmonary venolobar syndrome, is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by anomalous venous return from the right lung (to the systemic venous drainage, rather than directly to the left atrium).

Hypoplastic right heart syndrome is a congenital heart defect in which the right atrium and right ventricle are underdeveloped.

An overriding aorta is a congenital heart defect where the aorta is positioned directly over a ventricular septal defect (VSD), instead of over the left ventricle.

Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a form of congenital heart disease where both of the great arteries connect (in whole or in part) to the right ventricle (RV).

Non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCC), also called spongiform cardiomyopathy, is a rare congenital cardiomyopathy that affects both children and adults.

Transposition of the great vessels (TGV) is a group of congenital heart defects involving an abnormal spatial arrangement of any of the great vessels: superior and/or inferior venae cavae, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and aorta.

levo-Transposition of the great arteries (L-Transposition of the great arteries, levo-TGA, or l-TGA), also commonly referred to as congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CC-TGA), is an acyanotic congenital heart defect (CHD) in which the primary arteries (the aorta and the pulmonary artery) are transposed, with the aorta anterior and to the left of the pulmonary artery; the morphological left and right ventricles with their corresponding atrioventricular valves are also transposed.

dextro-Transposition of the great arteries (d-Transposition of the great arteries, dextro-TGA, or d-TGA), sometimes also referred to as complete transposition of the great arteries, is a birth defect in the large arteries of the heart.

Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) from the inappropriate sinus of Valsalva with an interarterial, intraconal, or intramural course is a rare heart defect associated with an increased risk of sudden death in children.

The ostium primum atrial septal defect (also known as an endocardial cushion defect) is a defect in the atrial septum at the level of the tricuspid and mitral valves.

Uhl's anomaly was first described in 1952 by Dr.

Sakati–Nyhan–Tisdale syndrome, also called acrocephalopolysyndactyly type III, is a rare genetic disorder that has been associated with abnormalities in the bones of the legs, congenital heart defects and craniofacial defects.

Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) or atrioventricular canal defect (AVCD), previously known as "common atrioventricular canal" (CAVC) or "endocardial cushion defect", is characterized by a deficiency of the atrioventricular septum of the heart.

A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a disease (usually congenital in nature) of the aortic valve, in which two of the aortic valvular leaflets fuse during development resulting in a valve that is bicuspid, instead of the normal tricuspid configuration.

Persistent truncus arteriosus (or Patent truncus arteriosus or Common arterial trunk), is a rare form of congenital heart disease that presents at birth.

Lutembacher's syndrome is a form of congenital heart disease.

An aortopulmonary septal defect is a group of rare congenital heart disorders that result from errors in the development of the aorticopulmonary septum.

Cor triatriatum (or triatrial heart) is a congenital heart defect where the left atrium (cor triatriatum sinistrum) or right atrium (cor triatriatum dextrum) is subdivided by a thin membrane, resulting in three atrial chambers (hence the name).

Crisscross heart is a type of congenital heart defect where the right atrium is closely associated with the left ventricle in space, and the left atrium is closely associated with the right ventricle.

Interrupted aortic arch is a very rare heart defect (affecting 3 per million live births) in which the aorta is not completely developed.