albuminuria is present, diabetic retinopathy, patient has had diabetes for at least 10 years.
Diabetes is the most likely cause of CKD IF:
ESRD
-defined by the federal government; indicates chronic treatment by dialysis or transplantation
diabetes & hypertension
What are the leading causes of ESRD?
GFR
-the sum of filtration rates in all of the functioning nephrons
higher GFR
eGFR is less reliable at ________.
hemoglobin/hematocrit, bicarbonate, calcium
What decreases with CKD?
phosphate, pth, triglycerides
What increases with CKD?
dysgeusia
-a taste disorder
GI, diabetes, skin, neurological
What are manifestations of CKD in adults?
pruritis
-a common skin disease that makes you want to scratch
pallor
-an abnormal loss of color from normal skin or mucous membranes
higher levels of protein; tubule's capacity; kidney damage
__________ which exceed the __________ to reabsorb that protein may exacerbate _________ through injury to the tubules.
ratio of urine albumin to creatinine
How do we estimate 24-hour albumin excretion?
UACR<= 30mg/g
What is the cutoff for a normal UACR?
diabetes, hypertension, smoking, obesity
Risk factors for Albuminuria?
initial response to hyperglycemia is an increase in GFR followed by a slow decline
How does hyperglycemia relate to hyperfiltration?
progressive albuminuria
What disease is usually associated with Diabetic kidney disease (DKD)?
middle-aged and younger
Who is especially at risk to progress to kidney failure in patients with CKD?