No, asymmetry from PC and sphingomyelin in outer leaflet and PS and PE in inner leaflet
What movements are common or uncommon?
Lateral movement is common, flip-flop is uncommon
Which leaflet do you find glycolipids?
Outer leaflet
Where do you find cholesterol?
Interspersed between phospholipids
Contain transmembrane domains with hydrophobic amino acids side chains interacting with hydrophobic lipids to seal the membrane, ex) channels, transporters, and receptors
Integral proteins
Bound through weak electrostatic interactions between polar head groups or with integral proteins
Peripheral proteins
Hydrophilic carbohydrate layer
Glycocalyx
RBC recognition
Specific carb chains on glycolipids serve as cell recognition molecules
What maintains membrane fluidity?
Cholesterol
What prevents densely packed membrane?
Unsaturated FAs and cholesterol
What are examples of simple diffusion molecules?
H2O, O2, CO2, urea
What are examples of simple diffusion mediated channels?
Water filled pore.
What are the tenants of facilitated diffusion?
Can transport protein, solute interacts with transport protein, process is still passive, no energy required, flow down conc gradient
What are examples of facilitated transport?
GLUT - glucose transporter
Active transport
Requires input of energy, ATP or ion gradient, solute may move against conc gradient
Transports out of the cell
Exocytosis
Vesicular transport into the cell
Endocytosis
What are the two types of endocytosis?
Receptor mediated endocytosis & phagocytosis and autophagy
What kind of membrane is around lysosomes?
Single membrane
What kind of membrane surrounds the mitochondria?
Double membrane
What provides the scaffolding or framework of the cell?
the cytoskeleton
What makes up the cytoskeleton?
microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments
Mutations in the gene encoding the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3
Achondroplasia
*Mutations in the gene encoding the LDL receptor
Familial hypercholesterolemia
*Mutations in the gene encoding the CFTR protein, a Cl- transporter
Cystic fibrosis
mutations in the genes encoding ion channels in the heart
Congenital long QT syndrome
Mutations in the gene encoding a copper dependent ATPase
Wilson disease
* mutations in the genes encoding spectrin or other structural proteins in the red cell membrane